Aim. To develop the measures aimed at popularizing the election procedure in the Russian mass consciousness and substantial correction of this institution perception model in the national political and legal culture. Methodology. The research is based on institutional and psychological approaches; methods of observation, situation analysis and elements of discourse analysis are used. Results. Reconstruction of the image characteristics of the elections institution and analysis of current trends in the elections organization in the perception of voters allowed to identify the dynamics of the elections representation in the Russian consciousness in the period from 2007 to the present. Some measures to increase electorate’s interest in the election procedure were proposed on the basis of the study conclusions. Research implications. The study presents an analysis, with elements of scientific novelty, of current trends in the electoral process organization, including the innovations of 2020 (voting in adjacent (outdoor) areas, multi-day voting, etc.), from the perspective of their perception by the electorate.

Aim. The study focuses on finding out and analyzing internet technologies of political mobilization used in Republic of Belarus during 2020 pre-election period. Methodology. Telegram channel «NEXTA Live» as the main resource of opposition was analyzed to reveal internet technologies of political mobilization. Statistical method, generalization and interpretation of the results were used in the research. Results. The study shows stages of information campaign against state powers of Republic of Belarus, defines main trends and aims of publications. These results allowed to evaluate effectiveness of internet technologies, used in the pre-election period in Belorussia. Research implications. The results of the study make it possible to establish the use of technologies for the escalation and management of political conflict with the help of social networks in the pre-election period of the Belarusian protests in 2020. The dynamics and stages of the use of Internet technologies of political mobilization were determined.

Aim. To analyze the main results of the past decade in the sphere of national and religious relations in Russia, point out the most acute challenges and risks of their destabilization as well as to analyze the resources available for reinforcement of civil agreement in ethno-confessional sphere of Russia for the upcoming years. Methodology. The article discusses the results of state national policy measures carried out in the previous 10 years. Using analytic and systematic approaches the authors define the main risks and challenges for national and religious agreement in the upcoming decade. Results. According to the authors, the main risks that will determine the development of relations between nationalities are external incitement, threats of transit of conflicts, underestimation of problems that have remained unresolved since the Soviet period, public campaigns in 2021, and consequences of the coronavirus pandemic. The prevention of these risks is possible if bodies of authority, national and cultural public and religious organizations, and community of experts work together. Research implications. The results of the research can be used for developing and endorsing long-term projects of implementing state national policy both on the federal level and within regions and municipal unities of Russia.

Aim. Identification of the role of the great Victory and the policy of memory in the wars for the identity of young people, its significance for the consolidation of society. Procedure and methods. On the basis of special literature and empirical material analysis, the authors studied the policy of memory as an emerging theoretical concept and its connection with the research of technologies of wars for identity. The subject of the study is the memory of young people about the great Victory in the context of the youth identity crisis and identity wars. The authors used an interdisciplinary approach and an identification method in combination with system, comparative and value methods. Results. The authors problematized the topic of memory politics and systematization of its political and psychological mechanisms that contribute to the formation of youth patriotism and national identity of Russians. Research implications. The study of the politics of memory in the context of identity wars actualizes the significance of the great Victory for ensuring the spiritual continuity of generations.

Aim. The purpose of the article is to identify the political image of our country in the mass consciousness of citizens of the Russian Federation from 31 to 55 years old. Methodology. This work is based on the results of a political and psychological research conducted by the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics at Lomonosov Moscow State University in Moscow, Bryansk, Smolensk, Saratov, Tomsk, Chelyabinsk regions and the Republic of Dagestan. The article concludes the cycle of author’s works devoted to the age characteristics of the perception of Russia by its citizens. In the course of the study, qualitative and quantitative methods were used (focused semi-standardized interviews, a picture test, the encoding of the data obtained), with the help of which the authors were able to identify the political image of the country in the mass consciousness of middle-aged people. Results. This study showed that the political and psychological image of Russia accommodates more positive than negative characteristics. At the same time, the image of the country is not entirely holistic and has minor differences at rational and unconscious levels of perception. Research implications. This work is of certain value for political psychologists, since it reflects almost all the theoretical foundations of the perception of the country. And from the practical point of view, the work is unique, it shows how middle-aged citizens (from 31 to 55 years old) perceive Russia, the data which is practically not found in the scientific literature.

Aim. Identification of the determinants that define political protest, as well as consideration of Russian political practice related to political manifestation based on the proposed methodology. Methodology. The article analyzes various methodological approaches that conceptualize political protest. In particular, the attributive qualities of the theories of relative deprivation, communicative behavior and resource mobilization, as well as the communicative concept are revealed. In addition, the analysis focuses on modern political actionism, which is inextricably linked with the virtualization and networking of public practices. Accordingly, the aspects that reveal the postmodern specifics of political protest are touched upon. Results. The main methodological approaches that interpret the phenomenon of political protest in connection with regime consolidation are defined. In the example of the Russian case, characterized by protest manifestation, its features are analyzed on the basis of the relevant methodology. The basic conclusion is that the present-day domestic protest practices are determined and developed according to imperatives and in line with a set of scientific approaches. Research implications. The results are mostly practical in nature, as they explain the motives and logic of the contemporary political protest development in Russia. The political elite can reconsider the political situation and take a set of measures aimed not so much at damping the protest, but at creating socio-economic conditions for the development of social strata (especially young people) and channeling political energy into a conventional channel.

Aim. To analyze socio-political and religious aspects of transformation of the conflict in Dagestan after 1999 and the reaction of the Dagestani population to it. Methodology. In order to examine the peculiarities of the conflict transformation the author uses historical comparative method, sociological approach, and subject analysis of local mass media materials. Results demonstrate the necessity of wider consolidation of the Dagestani society for resolving the conflict, the consequences of which are still seen nowadays in a form of the clash of numerous interests and the extremism threat. Research implications It is concluded that in order to overcome the current conflict situation in the republic, a commensurate response is needed, coming from the very depths of public consciousness and the historical memory of the Dagestan peoples, which the bureaucratic apparatus is not capable of generating. The results of the study show that only the Dagestani society itself should and is capable of preparing such a response to the challenges emanating from the radical camp.

Aim. Continuation of the study (Part I published in the Bulletin of Moscow Region State University (e-journal), 2021, no. 1) of the latest practice (forms, methods, tools and technologies) of information operations, the peculiarities of their hybridization, as well as the latest forms and methods of counteraction. Methodology. The growing militarization of the information space leads to a change in views on the use of force to change the geopolitical balance. This, in its turn, is leading to a real technological revolution in the field of information, hybrid and trade wars. The study of this kind of complex, complexly organized processes and schemes requires application of the methodology of systemic analysis of opening and algorithmicization of all information and psychological influence “chains” used in information operations of a new type. Results. The article reveals in detail the main forms, schemes, elements of information operations of a modern type, demonstrates exactly what information injections are and what exactly they are intended for; using the example of specific information operations (“Venezuelan precedent” and “Operation Gedeon” 2019-2020), it is revealed how exactly information throws are used in modern tactical (operational games) and strategic information warfare operations; highlights the general lines and main strategies of conducting an information war against Russia. On the example of the Russian practice of conducting information counter-operations (The Cabello Case in 2019, the Skripal Readings in 2019, The Search for a Russian Mole in the CIA in 2019 (an operational game with R. O’Brien), etc.), the latest forms and methods of organizing counteraction to information operations of foreign states and operational games of foreign intelligence services are shown. Research implications. Information about the latest forms and methods of organizing and conducting information operations can be used in the work of state bodies responsible for organizing a systemic counteraction to information aggression of foreign states, and will also be useful to political scientists, political strategists and specialists in countering destructive political technologies.

Aim. To study the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the perception of the present-day Russian state by young people. Methodology. Conclusions of the article are based on the results of an online survey we conducted among young people of Nizhny Novgorod, materials of the expert panel «Coronacrisis: social and political aspects of the pandemic», which the author participated in. The value theories of M. Rokich and Sh. Schwartz have become a methodological tool for systematizing and structuring empirical data. The article investigates the focus of perception of the modern state during a pandemic, the situational features of the young people’s perception of the state, identifies subjective risks, current problems projected onto the perception of the state, forms a matrix of demands and expectations of the studied social group. Results. The study showed the constancy, heterogeneity of the value picture of the world of youth, which is represented by vital, materialistic, ideological values. It also revealed an internal discrepancy between requests, expectations from the state and the ideas about the object under study that have developed as a result of practical activity, which have different connotations (emotional, evaluative) and labeling in the minds of young people. The preservation of a stable problem field, a critical background of perception, skepticism and mistrust in the youth environment, which is a serious challenge to the Russian government, is noted. Research implications. The new empirical material summarized in the article, the identified values, the needs of young people, made it possible to identify risks, contradictions in the perception of politics; to formulate practical recommendations and proposals aimed at improving the youth policy in the Russian Federation, the communication strategy of the current government.

Aim. The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the top management views on relationship between the factors of the management team effectiveness and their value orientations. Methodology. The values questionnaire by Sh. Schwartz, the methodology “Career anchors” by E. Shein, a specially developed questionnaire “Selection and formation of an effective management team by the chief executive” were used as diagnostic tools as well as analysis of mean values, Mann-Whitney test, factor analysis with varimax-rotation. Results. Analysis of the heads of the organization concept of the principles that should be relied on when selecting members of the management team showed that the majority of research participants in the selection rely on the principles of the resource approach, and also believe that the effectiveness of the management team is more determined by the professional competence of its members, than by their personal qualities. It was also shown that, in the opinion of research participants, professionalism is a constant criterion for selecting management team members, while similarity of beliefs and loyalty are variables. It has been established that, depending on the peculiarities of managers’ ideas about the principles and factors of forming an effective management team, as well as the factors of the effectiveness of its activities, there are significant differences both at the level of expressiveness of individual value orientations and at the level of their latent structure, i.e. at the level of value strategies. It is shown that both pro-social and pro-personal value strategies influence the opinion of managers about the factors of the effectiveness of the management team. Research implications. The significance of the results obtained is determined by the importance of the command principle in increasing the efficiency of management in all spheres of social life and the role of the leader in the processes of formation, development and activities of the management team. The research materials make it possible to understand more deeply how the value orientations of managers affect their views on the factors of the effectiveness of the management team, and can be used in the framework of personal and professional consulting of organization leaders on the problems of team building and improving the efficiency of team management.

Aim. Using the interaction of teachers and students as an example, the study shows how the interaction of people has changed in the context of the socio-cultural situation of contemporary Russian society and its influence on some psychological and socio-psychological characteristics of people. Methodology. The first theoretical part of the article contains an analysis of the current socio-cultural situation in Russian society. The second part illustrates the changes currently taking place in the educational space of the school. The study used methods that reflect the characteristics of teachers’ communicative competence and the trust factor. A brief description of the results of studying the features of communicative competence based on trust in professional activity (or lack thereof) among modern teachers is given. Results. The results made it possible to identify six models of teachers’ communicative competence, illustrating the named changes in the relationship between teachers and students. The study showed that empathy and cooperation were gone from the relationship of teachers with students, and adaptation, that is, adaptation to difficult conditions, became the leading strategy of behavior. Teachers were conditionally divided into two groups, one of which is prone to the manifestation of communicative tolerance, and the other, on the contrary, to a complete lack of tolerance in interaction with students. The article compares data obtained through the same study conducted in 2005. The comparison shows changes in the interaction of teachers and students that have occurred over the past 15 years. In 2005, the main trend in the interaction of teachers with students was trust, empathy and cooperation. Research implications. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the identification of the main characteristics of a transitive-turbulent situation: uncertainty of the future, complexity and diversity, multitasking, multiplicity of worlds and crisis and multiplicity of identities. It is shown that the rapidly occurring changes have generated significant social transformations in society. First of all, this concerns the emergence of a new cultural ethics and the formation of a different structure of value orientations among people and, especially, young people. The article also identifies other new psychological and socio-psychological phenomena generated by the modern socio-cultural situation. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that it clearly shows the change in cultural ethics in the process of interaction of subjects of educational activity in the educational space.

Aim. The study analyses basic constants of advertising text in terms of language game techniques and identifies the most productive among them. Methodology. The article outlines concise characteristic of advertising and advertising text language, of language game. The paper considers examples of modern advertising with intentional destruction of language norms and types of language game. To carry out of the research the following methods were used: the analysis method of advertising text elements, the method of linguistic means comparing, the method of forecasting the informative and influencing functions of text. Results. The research found that the language game is realized at all levels of language. One type of language game can be a tool for creation of other type. The most productive techniques are morphological, derivational and syntactical forms of language game. Research implications. Collected data allow determining modern trends of creation of advertising text by the linguistic means. The observations and conclusions can assist advertisers in construction and design of advertising texts.

Aim. The article attempts to identify the characteristics of oral professional communication in diachrony based on the example of medieval oral advertising in le cri genre. Methodology. The experimental basis of the study includes Guillaume de la Villeneuve’s poem Les Crieries de Paris (XIII) and the anonymous color print Cris de Paris (XVI). Textual corpus is complexly analyzed using linguistics methods. Linguopragmatic analysis is related to the identification of verbal means used to conceptualize the market sphere. Linguostatistic method reveals some metrics of goods / services demand and market size. Linguoaxiological analysis aim is to study evaluation verbalization and promoting tactics. Results. The study revealed different archaic effective verbal and extralinguistic tactics of product promotion and branding. Research implications. The perspectives of the advertising diachronic study lie in the research of the most stable and productive suggestive practices in modern marketing linguistics. The theoretical perspective consists in the examination of the evolution and transformation of verbal promotion.

Aim. Complex analysis of psycholinguistic features of verbal and non-verbal communication between a man and a pet cat in English fiction texts. Methodology. The author analyzed modern scientific research in animal psychology dealing with communicative abilities of cats and non-verbal communication. Five works of fiction were analyzed, and lexical and stylistic features of speech addressed to cats and ascribed to them, and also those of the cat nomination were described. Results. It was defined that the speech addressed to cats is, as a rule, emotionally coloured and can have features of baby talk. The research showed that verbal and non-verbal means used by a man in this type of communication have rather wide spectrum of semantics and emotions and perform important communicative functions. To describe feline characters in fiction various stylistic means with vivid pragmatics and expressiveness are used. Research implications. The materials of the research have practical value, because interaction of a man with pet cats serves some considerable practical purposes both in communicational and psychological aspects. In particular, communication with cats can be used in psychotherapy for decreasing the level of stress and anxiety in people.