Aim. To identify the controversial problems of contemporary comparative political science and to present to the scientific community mini-studies on some of the debatable issues of political comparativism.

Methodology. In the course of the round table held at Moscow University with the support of the Russian Social and Humanitarian Journal the following topical issues of comparative political science were discussed: the possibility and prospects of applying event analysis in comparative studies; assessment of the state of domestic comparativism through the prism of the content of textbooks on the discipline; comparative-historical analysis of the Russian reward system; comparison of domestic and foreign scientific discourse on ideologies and the state of international relations.

Results. It has been established that the topics and problems of modern comparative studies, their dualism and contradictory nature are largely conditioned by the current state of international relations: the transformation of the unipolar world into a multipolar one. The incompleteness of this process, its complex and contradictory nature leads to the fact that the traditional scientific tools are not always suitable for the study of modern phenomena and processes.

Research implications. The results of the study may be of interest to political scientists specializing in the field of political comparativism, theory and methodology, the study of international relations.

Aim. To discuss the forms of hybrid wars, the main element of which are “color revolutions”.

Methodology. In addition to general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, comparative and systematic approaches and document analysis were also used.

Results. The examples of the Republic of Belarus, Bolivia, Venezuela and Ukraine show the use of means and methods of hybrid warfare, the core of which are the “color revolutions”. It has been established that “color revolutions” can be integrated with other types of coups d’etat. It has been revealed that the technologies and methods of “color revolutions” are highly adaptive and are constantly being improved, therefore, the potential of “color revolutions” has not been exhausted.

Research implications. The problematics of hybrid wars using “color revolutions” is updated. The results of the study can be used in the training of personnel in government agencies responsible for the national security of the Russian Federation.

Aim. To form a conceptual model of the political process, to define the category of "political process", the levels of the political process and the states of the political system.

Methodology. The approaches to the definition of the political process are analyzed: behaviorist, institutional and structural-functional approaches.

Results. The analysis made it possible to identify three levels of the political process: micro-level, meso-level and macro-level; the main elements of the political process and the states of the political system are identified.

Research implications. A conceptual model of the political process consisting of three levels is proposed; definitions of the categories "political process" and "sustainability of the political system" are formulated.

Aim. To consider the process of Kazakh people’s social and political thought formation in the second half of the 15th - early 19th centuries through the prism of the work of the poet Bukhar-zhyrau.

Methodology. A political and textual analysis of the surviving heritage of representatives of Kazakh oral folk art was carried out. Using discourse analysis, the article reveals the main aspects of the formation of ideas about power, independence, statehood and even international relations.

Results. Bukhar-zhyrau created the basis for the modern Kazakh concept of independence and traditions as the basis of society. This idea is based on the idea of a strong, fair and powerful ruler. The importance of the “law of the steppe” is stated, which still determines the principles of relationships and influences the social and political life of Kazakhstan.

Research implications. The research conclusions contribute to the understanding of modern ideological processes occurring in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which becomes the basis for continuing scientific research. The main theses of the study can be used in the current foreign policy activities of Russia as well as enriching the scientific base for the study of the region.

Aim. To study the geopolitical causes of the political elite degradation in the leading countries of the modern West.

Methodology. The main content of the study is an analysis of the causes of the political elite degradation in the leading countries of the modern West, in particular, the United States, the Federal Republic of Germany, the French Republic. Systematic, comparative and phenomenological research methods are used.

Results. The author concludes that during the struggle of geopolitical actors carried out mainly in the geographical and information-ideological space the main actor was the state. Therefore, the high quality of its elite was crucial. However, during the period of economic corporations’ dominance, the role of the state and the quality of political elites inevitably decreases to increasingly critical values since they do not act as an independent actor, but rather as a screen and functional support for the global struggle of corporations in the field of foreign and domestic policy, and within their own country as well.

Research implications. A certain contribution to the theory of political systems is made by establishing the direct dependence of the domestic and foreign policies of the main Western countries on the interests of the largest business corporations, as well as considering the main forms of its manifestation. Taking into account the factor of degradation of the political elites of the modern West will make it possible to build an effective strategy for the interaction of the Russian Federation with the collective West and its individual representatives in the geopolitical process.

Aim. To identify the common and specific features of the evolution of the organizational structure in the management of civil aircraft production in modern Russia and the Soviet Union, and to analyze its dynamics.

Methodology. Within the framework of historical, institutional and neo-institutional approaches, both formal and informal institutions of sectoral management are described; cases demonstrating the influence on the development, adoption and implementation of managerial decisions of the head of state, the leadership subsystem, representatives of influence groups, including the corporate sector, are considered.

Results. Specific mechanisms of industry management are described (special situational meetings, an unregulated mechanism for attracting engineers to direct management of the industry, etc.). It is concluded that there are significant differences in the organizational structure of management of the civil aviation industry in the Soviet Union and modern Russia, both at the level of the institutional framework of industry management and the executive staff of managers, and at the level of informal institutions.

Research implications. The theoretical and practical significance of this study lies in the identification of institutions and practices in industry management that were successful in the Soviet era, which may be relevant for adoption in current geopolitical and social and economic circumstances.

Aim. To analyze modern theoretical aspects of political advertising and form a matrix of advertising political communication management.

Methodology. To achieve this goal, the author conducted a review of scientific studies of political advertising by Russian and foreign authors. The data of VCIOM (Russia Public Opinion Research Center) and other sociological services were also analyzed, as well as the results of political advertising campaigns conducted at different times in the regions of the Russian Federation and foreign countries. The obtained material was structured to create a matrix of political communication management and to detail the stages of advertising political communication management. The work mainly relies on analytical and descriptive methods. The statistical material, which has not been previously involved in research on advertising political communication, was generalized.

Results. In the course of the study, the authors have identified two main categories of issues that subjects of advertising communication may face: 1) issues related to the organization of the distribution of advertising materials (which does not correspond to the approved address programs or media plans, or the efficiency of the staff distributing advertising materials does not correspond to the established KPIs); 2) issues related to the content and quality of the production of advertising materials (quantitative or qualitative indicators of audience reaction do not correspond to the established KPIs). The options for eliminating or leveling these problems are proposed.

Research implications. For the first time a multifaceted analysis of modern theoretical aspects of political advertising has been carried out. In addition, the article presents a definition of this phenomenon and a classification of political advertisement according to various criteria (by goals and types of advertising platform). The key management stages of political advertising communication are described in detail. The results obtained can be used in practice in developing a strategy for advertising campaigns at the federal and regional levels.

Aim. To identify the main vectors of political science education development that contribute to ensuring the national interests of Russia in the context of new challenges and threats.

Methodology. The research is based on the analysis of the federal state educational standards of higher education (then use as the FSES of HE) in the field of study 41.03.04 and 41.04.04 "Political Science", as well as the content of educational programmes in the field of political sciences, considering their specialization.

Results. The conducted research made it possible to determine the importance of political science education of promoting certain national interests of Russia at the organizational, instrumental and conceptual levels of its implementation.

Research implications. The results of the conducted research can be used in the development of new educational programmes in the field of political sciences in the context of the transition to a new nationally oriented higher education system.

Aim. To conduct theoretical analysis of the evolution of the essence and manifestations of adolescent escapism.

Methodology. The main content of the study is a theoretical analysis of approaches to defining the essence of adolescent escapism, as well as variants of its manifestations in various historical periods.

Results. The psychological essence, manifestations, and mechanisms of formation of escapist tendencies in adolescents are considered.

Research implications. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that they serve as a theoretical basis for conducting empirical research in order to identify the characteristics, determinants and possible predictions of escapist behavior of modern adolescents.

Aim. On the example of the video game “Half-Life 2” to identify the linguistic difficulties faced by the translator in the process of computer games localization.

Methodology. The author has analyzed the original English text of the video game “Half-Life 2” (running time – 6 hours 12 minutes) and its two localized Russian versions (total running time – 12 hours 24 minutes). The following methods were used: contextual analysis; comparative method; pre-translation analysis; semantic analysis.

Result. Based on the results of the study, it has been concluded that the localized Russian versions (from Valve and Buka companies) contain incorrect translation solutions. The examples of such solutions are given, inaccuracies are analyzed. The ratio of successful and unsuccessful translation solutions in Russian versions is graphically presented.

Research implications. The results of the study can be used by translators in choosing the most effective strategies for adapting the content to the mentality of players representing different countries and nationalities.

Aim. To identify the features of the application of ethnophaulisms in Russian-speaking and German-speaking media and establishing their influence on the formation of heterostereotypes.

Methodology. The main content of the research is an analysis of the results obtained by computer content analysis, which was used to detect ethnophaulisms in the comments of readers of German and Russian news outlets. In addition, the continuous sampling method was used, as well as the method of comparative analysis.

Results. It was revealed that the ethnophaulisms in the comments to the texts of the Russian media mainly reflect the attitude of Russians towards the inhabitants of Ukraine. In the comments of the Russian media, a small number of ethnophaulisms directly related to Germany were revealed. The attitude of German readers towards residents of Russia is also related to the conflict in Ukraine.

Research implications. The theoretical significance of the research is   in its successful identification of ethnophaulisms by the means of computer content analysis methods. The obtained data expand our knowledge about the paradigmatic interaction of linguistic means reflecting stereotypes in various linguistic cultures. The practical significance of the research is explained by the fact that its results can be applied in foreign language classes, linguistic and cultural studies, comparative lexicology, applied linguistics, and intercultural communication.

Aim. To consider the place of the ontolinguistic component in the system of modern translation studies.

Methotology. A typological analysis of markers of children’s speech discourse is carried out, a comparative analysis of practical material is conducted.

Results. Based on an interdisciplinary approach combining the achievements of ontolinguistics and translation studies, the features of translation solutions are described, the term “ontolinguistic transformation” is proposed in order to describe translation tools aimed at improving the adequacy of translation, as well as solving stylistic and pragmatic tasks. The possibilities of using various types of translational ontolinguistic transformation in the translation of children’s impressive and expressive speech are described.

Research implications. The applied interdisciplinary approach to the research has made it possible to expand the data of translation studies on the allocation and translation of the ontolinguistic component in speech. The proposed analysis of ontolinguistic transformations may be of certain practical importance for the translator.

Aim. To study the landmark work of the 20th century "The Decline of Europe" by Oswald Spengler, which is certainly a kind of milestone in the development of domestic and foreign philosophy and cultural studies, the lexical and semantic characteristics of which, in our opinion, still have not been adequately reflected in modern linguistics.

Methodology. In the course of considering the features of lexical and semantic means of metaphorization in Oswald Spengler's work "The Decline of Europe", an interdisciplinary approach was used, providing for the possibility of using a set of methods and research techniques to analyze texts with rich political science content, such as contextual and comparative translation analysis, as well as component analysis based on dictionary definitions.

Results. As the result of the investigation done, the author makes the conclusion that in his work Oswald Spengler, using the most diverse set of vivid metaphors (including politically colored ones), tried to figuratively prove the inevitability of the cyclical extinction of all great creations and forms of religion, social political structure and related culture, art, science and management, which arise, live their age and die in all their manifestations.

Research implications. The results of the scientific research contribute to the further development of the theory of the linguistic worldview (especially its metaphorical component) on the example of the linguistic personality of the outstanding German philosopher and thinker, whose ideas and reflections have a special sound in the modern world and form figurative and symbolic thinking, largely lost by the modern human.

Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of the image of the Far East in the everyday language consciousness of students in different regions of Russia (within the Far East region and in the western part of the country).

Methodology. The methodology of an associative experiment was used in the study. 150 students from the universities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Vladivostok and Khabarovsk participated in the experiment. During the associative experiment 478 reactions to the stimulus word “Far East” were obtained and analyzed.

Results. In the course of the study it was discovered that the core of associations of respondents in the “East” group consists of associations of general themes “Nature”, “Motherland” and “Home”. Key associations of respondents in the “West” group are associations of general topics “Nature”, “Natural Resources”, as well as geographical and territorial associations. The total number of associations with neutral and positive connotations is noticeably greater than with the negative ones. The idea of the Far East as “the edge of the world” is not a key one in the minds of young people in both the eastern and western parts of Russia, nor, however, is the idea of the Far East as a promising region.

Research implications. The study can be used as illustrative material in courses on sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics.  The results of the study can also be applied in the work of groups involved in developing strategies and tactics for creating and promoting the image of the Far Eastern region, both in the Russian and international contexts.