During the round table held under the auspices of the Moscow regional branch of the Russian society of political scientists the causes and consequences of the Ukrainian 2013?2014 crisis were discussed. Experts made an attempt to identify geopolitical, civilizational, cultural, ideological, technological, ethnic and national causes of the events in Ukraine and the Crimea. Besides, the scenarios for further developments were outlined. Well-known political scientists and historians took part in the discussion, among them: V. Egorov (MSRU), O. Volobuyev (MSRU), N. Komlera (Ural Federal University named Boris Yeltsin ), J. Gonzalez (Historical Research Center Rozhkov, New South Wales, Australia), Yu. Abramova (MGIU), V. Bagdasaryan (MSRU) , K. Feofanov (Moscow State Technological University "STANKIN”), O. Mushtuk (Moscow University of Industry and Finance "Synergy”), N. Postnikov (Russian State University ofTourism and Service), S. Fedorchenko (MSRU) and A. Abramov (MSRU).

The article issues such phenomenon of the Russian history as an academic movement that developed in the early twentieth century and formed institutionally into the All-Russian Academic Union. On the material sources, including contemporaries of the events, the author analyzes the development of the academic movement in the Novorossiysk Imperial University, where it received the form of confrontation between two groups of professors and led to a split of all University members. The research is conducted within the framework of history of social and political thought and provides the historical circumstances which influenced the life and works of such Russian political thinkers of the early XX century, as I. Dusin-skiy, and P. Kazanskiy.

The article examines the questions of chronopolitics as a new direction in the political science, which studies political time. Historical time in relation to chronopolitical one remains external, while chronopolitical time is political actions at present and is unified for all the political systems of the present. The author considers the questions of the formation of political postmodern state through chronopolitical aspect. Special attention is given to the crisis of the future, which can become a springboard for tectonics of civilizational dynamics.

The article studies the concept of "space" through its use in geopolitics. The essence and the structure of geopolitical space are analyzed. The typology of geopolitical spaces is given. It is stated that in postindustrial period the actors and technology of struggle for the resources in geopolitical spaces are changing. The prevailing quality of interaction defines the quality of space: the interaction of physical objects defines the geographical space, and the interaction of people defines the social space together with its types. It is stated that if there is no kinetics, interaction, energy and temporal characteristics, there is no space. While analyzing the geopolitical space the author stresses that it is formed by the interactions of subject-object type, which in total form the geopolitical quality of space, their content being mastering the resources of human communities' survival and development. Geopolitical space has a systemic organization. Its organizer is a nation-state, which has a systemic organization too. The author singles out four types of geopolitical spaces: geographical, economical, information-ideological and information-cybernetic ones. In conditions of post-industrial smart-civilization, which is based on the "economy of knowledge", the information-ideological space becomes the main geopolitical space of the modern world. The economical space is of secondary importance. The geographical space, which was the first important in industrial epoch, now is the least important among the three most important spaces.

The article summarizes the results of the research conducted by the author and organized in October-November, 2013 among the students of the Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics "MESI". The study involved 103 people. Within a virtual forum the fourth year students, whose average age is less than 20 years, expressed their opinions on the causes of the mass political passivity and infantilism of Russians, as well as of population' boycotting mass protests.

The article analyzes the results of an empirical study of a volitional component of a DDIA (District Department of Internal Affairs) employee's personality. Its supreme elements are formed and developed in the process of learning and acquiring practical experience. Volitional qualities being central in the regulation of mental processes and states get great importance. On the basis of summarizing the results obtained it is proved that volitional mental qualities cause adaptive abilities, neuromental stability, normative behavior, extraversion, self-confidence, empathy and practicality. Besides, this component causes a decrease of resentment, negativity, irritability and feeling of guilt. The system of interpersonal relations reduces suspiciousness, self-centeredness, inferiority and aggressiveness; increases self-confidence and internality, thereby reducing the negative communicative settings.

The article presents some data of studying the conditions of professional work of psychologists working with disabled children, and psychologists who work with children with normal development. In the analyzed activities the author found significant differences on a number of key components. They can influence such personal qualities of psychologists working with children with different status of psychological development as: adaptability to difficult working conditions, willingness to perform non-standard problem solving.

This work suggests using the systems approach in presenting materials for studying the biological worldview in the course of studying "The Concept of Natural History". According to this concept every biological system is described from the standpoint of general system theory. That is, its system features are described on certain examples which enhance students' understanding of general laws of biological entities organization and functioning, as well as understanding of their role in the general hierarchy of natural systems.

Gas exchange study of Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus L. var. Skorospelka revealed high intensity of photosynthetic apparatus functioning over a wide temperature range. Temperature response of photosynthesis and its interaction with light intensity testifies to the plasticity of Helianthus tuberosus photosynthetic apparatus. The stability of photosynthetic activity of plants in a wide range of light intensity and temperature ensures successful growing of Helianthus tuberosus far outside its native range. Plants die at temperatures below 1°C. Temperatures from 2 to 18°C increase cold hardening of Helianthus tuberosus. In conditions of a long day Helianthus tuberosus detains tuber and flower formation which makes its cultivation as a tuberiferous culture in Karelia useless. However, due to high adaptive capacity and photosynthetic plasticity of the species it is possible to obtain high yields of biomass under long days in Karelia. Potentially Helianthustuberosus can be cultivated in Karelia up to 65°N.

The authors revealed the patterns of changes in forest ecosystems located in the zone of influence of the Ukhta-Torzhok gas main. The geobothanical mapping of the area under study is performed. Polypores were used as bioindicators of xylium transformations. The greatest changes in wood-inhabiting mycobiota occurred in the spruce forests, birch forests and aspen forests, which belong to the wood sorrel, bilberry and grass-oak series. Probable cause of the observed changes in forest communities are the changes in the hydrological regime and the underflooding of the most part of the territory.

The article is dedicated to the issue of forming the image of the Great Patriotic War in the minds of modern Russian students. Countering information aggression against the Russian historical memory is impossible without objective information about the reflection of historical events images in the minds of the Russian students. On the basis of the questionnaire and the survey conducted among students the author identified major cluster groups of students' knowledge and imaginative representations of this important chapter in the History of Russia. Besides, it is concluded that the potential of patriotic education of students is significant although not valued enough.

The article is devoted to the Izhevsk-Votkinsk workers' revolt, which was the most powerful unrest against the Bolsheviks in 1918. The author analyzes the Soviet historians and their followers' opinion that the rebels' armed forces were defeated by the Red Army which was far less numerous. Although in the mid 20-ies an attempt was made to actually study the problem but it had no continuation. The article identifies where these statements originate from, as well as their validity.

The article deals with the restructuring plans of peasant justice, developed under the aegis of the Ministry of Home Affairs in 1902-1904. The author studies the formation of the Drafting Committee, its organizational and legal forms of work. The norms of "Project of volost court" regulating the legal status of volost judges are analysed. The author concludes that the Drafting Committee proposed a number of effective measures to improve the legal status of volost judges. However, the views on the need of noble people paternalism over peasants, prevailing in the Commission, prevented the legislation of an essential principle of justice, that is: independence of the judiciary from any administrative authorities. While Financial considerations did not allow to create an effective mechanism for socio-economic guarantees of volost judges independence.

The article concerns the problem of reflecting the linguistic worldview by means of phraseology of the German and Russian languages using the youth slang as an example. This problem is topical today due to the fact that phraseological units functioning in the youth slang reflects not only ethic and cultural background but also trends related to the development of modern society. Particular attention is paid to the conceptualization of the whole body of phraseological units (over 600 units) with the aim of defining basic concepts reflecting young people's vision of the world. The article explores quantitative and percentage ratio of phraseological units related to each of 19 identified subject-matter groups, allowing to reveal some features of representatives of the German and Russian linguistic and cultural communities.

The article examines some linguistic problems connected with building up the common legal space of the European Union. The EU law has its specific features in respect of many legal characteristics. At the same time, multilingualism as a linguistic working environment creates certain difficulties in forming a common legislative base due to the enhancing risk of differences in translation versions and editorial discrepancies. The object examined in the article is the special language of the normative legal system. The subject of the research is a number of linguistic problems arising under the conditions of interaction of the two principles: the principle of equality of the status of numerous member states and the principle of uniformity of the special legal language. The research is based on the methods and techniques of linguistic observation and analysis.

This paper presents a linguistic analysis of German parables aimed at defining and ordering temporal and local relations within the parables as a grammatical type of texts on the basis of the invariant attributes, which form this particular type of texts. The author considers that a parable belonging to the epic genre is close to a fable, as in its deep structure there is some "wisdom", which is determined both by the religion and the morals of a nation. A parable is characterized by lack of active development of the plot and the characteristics of characters, which is due to the fact that a parable does not depict events, but rather reports them. In this connection, the picture of temporal and local characteristics of a parable is perceived in a special way.

The article considers using some mathematical statistic values in pragmalinguistic speech samples content analysis aimed at finding out some characteristics of verbal behavior of monolinguals and bilinguals, writers of critical essays. The introduction of additional statistical values, such as the coefficient of variation and F-test, improves the validity of speech samples analysis. The coefficient of variation shows the group's homogeneity thus proving the rigidity of the discussed verbal behavior characteristics. F-test values correlate with the relevance of the discovered differences in verbal behavior of two different linguocutural groups: American English and Russian native-speakers.

The article deals with some aspects connected with translation of texts containing so called "localisms". It is stated that the given term doesn't have a single interpretation in translation theory which is sometimes doubtful about the necessity of its usage. An attempt is made to prove the usage of this term, to disclose its meaning concerning definite class of realia, found in the works of Indian authors, as well as to find out the peculiarities of their representation in the translating text.

This article focuses on the ambiguity of the interpretation of the concept "symbol" in modern linguistics. The author analyses the adjacent concepts "sign", "image", "metaphor", as well as "archetype", "allegory" and "emblem" It is stated that symbol refers to the central concepts of such scientific fields as philosophy, cultural studies, psychology, philology, etc. The author also states that the desire to get to the bottom of symbolism is inherent in a man since ancient times. The analysis performed enables to conclude that there is both interrelationship and contrast between the concepts mentioned above.

In article the analysis of the innovative approach to training in modern professional-graphic preparation of teachers of technology and business is offered. The author allocates the basic directions of application of the innovative approach to the formation of students' professional competences while studying the complex of subjects connected with graphic and design preparation; offers modelling of innovative work on organizing the educational process which will promote students' self-development and development of their creative potential. Besides, this modelling is meant to make the realization of graphic and art - design activities most successful.

The article offers the analysis of the main trends in the development of education in the United States in the XXth century. The author distinguishes such trends as: the shift of the leading pedagogical paradigm, the creation of new experimental schools, the improvement of the quality of education, the increase of the number of private fee-paying secondary general education and vocational schools, the increased funding for education from the state budget and other sources. The author draws parallels with the development of the educational system in Russia.

The article gives characteristic features of the phenomenon of action, underlines its importance in the upbringing of the steady qualities of a personality, its spiritual and moral formation. The author suggests the classification of action kinds on various grounds. The concept of «ethical resource» of an action is defined on the basis of its ethical characteristics. To reveal the aim of the ethical resource is possible during the process of learning the native land which is important to encourage a child to commit virtuous actions. The content of the question is stated in the light of the ideas of the Concept of spiritual and moral development and education of a citizen of Russia.

This article is devoted to the problem of modern technical means usage in the process of language teaching in higher education at a non-language profile. New information technologies are becoming an essential part of the process of teaching a foreign language in higher school, giving new opportunities for the effective language learning, making the process more meaningful, interesting, differentiated, flexible and comfortable, based on the use of the latest achievements of information and communication technologies. The article shows in detail the main characteristics of training with the use of new information technologies and the possibilities of their application in the educational process.

In this article the author analyses the main problems of training the pedagogic staff for technological education. The system problems of baccalaureate level training in the field of "Pedagogical Education" are ranged basing on the factual educational programs of the Faculty of Technology and Entrepreneurship. The article shows the necessity of reflecting the specific character of the technological education in the university educational programs for graduates training. The author defines the solutions to the highlighted problems of the pedagogic staff training for the technological education.

The article presents gender differences from the standpoint of the Law of asymmetry domination in the system, which predetermines their evolution in general. The data of gender differences are considered on the basis of the author's research, which outlines five main directions: differences at genetic, physical, cognitive, psychological and communicative levels. Recommendations on accounting gender differences in feminine oriented, masculine oriented and mixed groups of students.

The paper focuses on the problem of forming a genre form of a byzantine description of a saint's life. The purpose of the research is to find factors having influenced the genre features of the later versions of St. John Chrysostom's life descriptions compared with the earlier ones. The task of the research is to perform a comparative analysis of the earlier and the later versions of hagiographic works about St. John Chrysostom's life. The comparison of "Funeral oration" to St. John Chrysostom, the panegyric written at the beginning of the Vcentury, with "Life of St. John Chrysostom", the biography created in the middle of the Vll - the beginning of the Vlll century, has shown that the main factor which influenced the formation of the biography genre is that the legendary narratives of the saints served as one of the sources of his life descriptions.

This paper presents the results of studying the linguistic means of expressing a personal subject in sentences with the semantics of state. The object of the research is the main forms of expression of the subject of state. Grammatical paradigm of person is the main difference between personal-subjective sentences and object-subjective sentences. Having analyzed the structures with the semantics of state, the author comes to the conclusion that the private semantic characteristic of a subject depends on its correlation with the predicate. The less the word is complicated with additional connotations the more it is adjusted to denote a subject of state.

This article examines the emergence of the lexical system investigative business language on the example of two predicates - poiskati (to search) and razyskati (to detect). The study is carried out on the material of the entries of «The Russian Language Dictionary of XI-XVII centuries». The method of context analysis was applied. As a result, it was concluded that the semantic variations have a stage development, and depend on the genre and stylistic specific characteristics of any work of literature which has great importance. Core and periphery relationship in terms of semantic representations turned to be confirmed by the diffusion processes of transformation, resulting in the explication of the investigative knowledge only in the second half of the XVII century.

Letters to N.I. Novikov are an integral part of Karamzin's heritage. In them, while talking about love and compassion as the highest virtue, Karamzin confirms the inevitability of changes both in philosophy and in the man himself. Karamzin agrees that «the knowledge of the true God is the most important and the best of all sciences», but at the same time he emphasizes that only "God knows God completely", and, besides, he supports Novikov in his skeptical attitude toward the fashionable trend of quoting texts of Scripture. Studying of Karamzin's epistolary provides insight into his thinking and worldview: from philosophical and historical optimism he goes to skepticism, agnosticism and religious humility.

This article introduces the domestic reader to one of the figures of Scandinavian folklore - huldra. The analysis of folklore sources revealed a number of huldra's characteristic features: female hypostasis (appears either as a beautiful girl or an old woman), beauty, the presence of a tail, usually has a particular interest to mortal men. Huldra appears as an independent character or in a team, forming a semantic group «huldru / hulda folk» - «hidden people». Huldra can be compared to the German Frau Holda - seasonal deity of fertility, as well as with Slavic mermaid.

The article is devoted to the study of the novel written by one of the most significant but scantily known representatives of the Russian artistic naturalism - Pyotr Boborykin. The main aim of the article is to examine the system of images from the standpoint of the overall basic idea of the novel and to determine the major character's composition and plotline role. Besides being independently artistically relevant, the author found the character's function as a representative of the social forces moulding the image of the post-reform Russia in the XIXth century.

A novel derivation of generalized gravitational entropy associated to co-dimension 2 'entangling' hypersurfaces is given. The approach is similar to the Jacobson- Myers 'Hamiltonian' method in a sense that the entropy appears from a boundary term in the action when one isolates a small domain around the entangling surface. In our arguments we also use the idea by Lewkowycz and Maldacena and interpret the boundary term in the gravity action as a 'cosmic string' (brane) action. However, the important difference between our approach and the original formulation of the generalized gravitational entropy by Lewkowycz and Maldacena is that we never use manifolds with conical singularities as a tool to carry out the computations. Variations of gravity actions over the replica parameter imply changing position of the 'cosmic string'. By requiring that the entangling surface is an extremum of the entropy functional we come to the entropy formula which coincides with known results for black hole entropy formula when the entangling surface is a black hole horizon.When our approach is applied to Lovelock theories of gravity the generalized entropy formula coincides with results derived by other methods.

Model of the dynamics of public consciousness is developed. The author studies the following social structures considering them to be the main parameters forming public consciousness: state structures (power structures), non-state structures (citizens, family, various associations - professional, religious, cultural, etc.) and external structures (other states and their power structures, various social groups, etc.). The problems of the sustainable development of social consciousness are considered. It is shown that the necessary condition for the sustainable development paths is the presence of positive feedbacks that lead to the co-directed vectors of the trajectories of various social groups' development. On the basis of the developed model the author gives examples of the dynamics of public consciousness in modern Russia and other countries.

The article considers the problem of historical and logical in history. The unity and difference of historical and logical in the history is shown. The author discloses the methodological possibilities of methods of cognition of historical reality, formed on the basis of categories "historical" and "logical". The dialectic relationship of these techniques and the necessity of their joint use in the knowledge of the history are studied.

The article undertakes the structural analysis of the cooperative forms of social and economic organization. Functional boundaries of different types and forms of cooperation are defined. The author also studies both subjective and objective factors of its genesis and development. Besides, the content of contradictions is disclosed. According to the author, these contradictions are the source of cooperative societies' improvement.

By the middle of 2013 the economic growth substantially in the Russian Federation slowed down and the outflow of capital increased. So, the number of scientific publications on offshore companies and their role in the functioning of the Russian economy has increased. However, in these publications the analysis of offshore companies from the point of fundamental economics is presented fragmentarily. For this reason, the author attempts to explore the offshore economy in terms of the key areas of modern economic science as a fundamental institutional economics and its subsections such as: the theory of transaction costs, property rights theory and public choice theory. The new concepts: «price of offshorization», «non-offshore activity price», «vicious circle of offshore economy» are introduced.

The article discusses China's way from ordinary country to one of the world's largest economies. Reforms preceding the thirty-year growth of the economy and which were carried by the Communist Party of China are described in detail. Owing to that progress China was able to get ahead of Germany and Japan in terms of GDP, conceding only the United States. The authors analyze the new methods of turning the country into an innovative state within the following decade. The authors offer a number of recommendations for the Russian economy on applying China's experience in developing innovations.

This article gives a retrospective analysis of the US experience in the field of organization and regulation of insider activities, investigates the US rules governing the securities circulation. The article critically reviews the activities of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as the main creator of a system protecting the market of long-term capitals and regulating the activities of insiders in the United States. Besides, the author identifies its key components (laws, rules and regulations), estimates securities transactions in terms of prohibitions on insiders' activities. The article dwells on such theories as: the theory of equal access, the theory of fiduciary duty; the theory of trust and usurpation in relation to tackling the problems of insider activities regulation, as well as the experience of their application in the United States.

The article gives the list of the main legislative acts in the sphere of compulsory alienation of property in the conditions of an extraordinary situation, including the regime of martial law and state of emergency. As a result of the comparative analysis of the provisions contained in the legislative acts mentioned, the author comes to the conclusion that there is an acute need in harmonization and consolidation of the acts governing the requisition relations and other relations adjacent to the requisition. The author's point of view on the designated problem is stated.