Aim. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of Islam’s potential for tolerant coexistence through the lenses of theology, law, and historical practice.
Methodology. The research is based on a hermeneutical analysis of key texts, such as the Quran and Sunnah, as well as the works of classical and modern Muslim theologians. Furthermore, the study employs historical and comparative methods to examine models of religious pluralism in Muslim societies.
Results. The key findings of the research indicate that the principles of religious tolerance, justice, and freedom of belief are deeply rooted in Islamic doctrine. These principles were institutionalised in the legal concept of dhimma. Historical experience, particularly the Ottoman millet system, represents a sophisticated and functional model for the coexistence of various confessions within a hierarchical structure. In modern conditions, the traditional frameworks of religious tolerance are being reconsidered in light of gender equality and the rights of non-monotheistic religions. The author argues that the future development of inclusive societies in the Muslim world will depend on a creative dialogue between classical Islamic heritage and contemporary challenges, such as countering extremism and promoting gender equality.
Research implications. The results of the study can serve as a foundation for developing recommendations to strengthen state-confessional and inter-confessional relations in Russia, thereby creating conditions for the sustainable and secure development of the state and society.

Aim. To identify the stages, mechanisms, and results of institutionalisation of the ‘social treasury’ in the public administration system of the Russian Federation and to determine the main factors influencing the effectiveness of this political and administrative project.
Methodology. The study analysed regulatory legal acts (RF Government order no. 431‑r, Federal Law no. 236‑FZ, and government decrees), statistical data from the Russian Ministry of Labor, the Social Fund, and other sources. Systems analysis, event analysis, and a comparative institutional approach were used. This article systematises the works of Russian and international authors on the digital transformation of the social sphere.
Results. Three stages of the institutionalisation of ‘social treasury’ are identified: the ideological and conceptual stage (2016–2021), the organisational and institutional stage (2021–2023), and the scaling stage (from 2023).
Research implications. The conclusion regarding the transition from a declarative to a proactive, personalised model of social support is substantiated. Recommendations for improving the system are formulated considering the preservation of alternative channels for vulnerable groups to receive assistance.

Aim. The study examines the transformation of the theoretical foundations of state policy to support compatriots living abroad, focusing on the State Program for Promoting the Voluntary Resettlement of Compatriots to the Russian Federation. Initially, the State Program was based on the general principle of prioritizing the socio-economic development of Russian regions in the resettlement of compatriots. However, in recent years, this model has been transformed into an ideologically oriented model.
Methodology. This study employs a formal-legal and comparative analysis of the regulatory framework governing the State Programme. Additionally, it draws upon the theoretical insights of the French sociologist and political scientist A. Sayad, whose extensive research into migration issues has not yet received sufficient recognition in wider academic discourse.
Results. The study outlines the propositions according to which an economy-centric model views a migrant as a mechanical body that poses a threat to sovereignty. Conversely, an ideologically oriented model for assisting the resettlement of compatriots expands the state's physical space to the limits of the citizens' value-based acceptance of the “state ideology.”
Research implications lie in the contribution to the development of the theory of state policy towards compatriots through the integration of A. Sayad’s ideas, which enable a conceptualisation of migration as an instrument for the ideological expansion of sovereignty. Furthermore, the findings can be utilised to adjust regional resettlement programmes, enhance their ideological efficacy, and optimise mechanisms for the social integration of returnees.

Aim. To identify the specific features of the sacralisation of power in Islamic political thought and its role in the formation of fundamentalist doctrines.
Methodology. The research is based on comparative – historical and systemic approaches, as well as on an analysis of the works of classical and modern authors. Islamic conceptions of power are correlated with general ideas about its sacred nature in traditional societies.
Results. In the Islamic tradition, the sacralisation of power is institutional and normative, being inherently linked to the ruler’s function of ensuring the implementation of Sharia. This model of legitimation predetermines the stability of political loyalty. In modern fundamentalism, a selective actualisation and radicalisation of classical political and legal thought takes place.
Research implications. The study updates the discourse on the ideological foundations of Islamic fundamentalism, demonstrating that they cannot be reduced to socio-political and economic factors. In this context, fundamentalism is understood as a form of reinterpreting the traditional model of sacralised power under the conditions of modernisation.

Aim. To identify and describe the structure of educational and enlightenment activities and ways to regulate them.
Methodology. To achieve the purpose of the study, a study of sources, including state normative legal acts, was undertaken, the practice of educational activities was analysed, and the methods of structural analysis, modeling and typology were used.
Results. An important place in the article is occupied by the study of approaches related to the definition of the concept of “structure of educational and enlightenment activities.” The article describes the main properties of this structure, analyses and characterizes the components of this activity, and reveals the content of the relationships between them.
Research implications. Results presented in the article can be used for further research on educational activities, as well as to increase the effectiveness of using educational tools to influence the ideological field within the framework of Russian information policy.

Aim. To analyse the compatibility of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values with the economic model that has taken shape in Russia and to assess the feasibility of effectively implementing state policy aimed at their preservation and strengthening.
Methodology. The study is based on a content analysis of Presidential Decree no. 809 in conjunction with the fundamental principles of the market economy, as well as a philosophical and economic reconstruction of the concepts of ‘capitalism’ and ‘market economy.’
Results. It has been established that the values enshrined in Decree no. 809 are either fundamentally incompatible with market logic or exist in a state of permanent tension with it. The analysis reveals that Decree no. 809 excludes the economic sphere from the framework of policies designed to protect traditional values, thereby undermining its implementation potential.
Research implications. The study substantiates the conclusion that value-based policy cannot be effectively implemented without transforming the prevailing economic model. It highlights the necessity of rethinking the paradigm of economic development considering Russia’s sociocultural specifics.

Aim. To reveal the role of the ideological factor in world politics during the formation of a multicentric world in the context of the multi-vector nature and contradictory methods of analysing the role of ideology in contemporary international relations in Western academic thought.
Methodology. This study employs structural-functional, comparative, expert, statistical, formal-logical, and systems methods, alongside a comparative-historical approach to the comprehensive, interdisciplinary analysis of empirical data. Amid the contemporary reappraisal of the role of ideology in world politics, this methodological framework enables the formulation of a modern vision for the ideological basis of processes driving the emergence of a new multicentric world order architecture.
Results. This study indicates that the transformation of the ideological factor in contemporary international relations will increasingly manifest as a growing confrontation between two global, comprehensive ideologies. The first is centered on the preservation and reproduction of a unipolar world dominated by the United States, while the second advocates for a decisive restructuring of the international system toward a genuinely multipolar and more equitable world order.
Research implications. In the context of the conducted analysis of the phenomenon of D. Trump’s transition in the foreign policy of his Republican US administration with the beginning of the military operation against Iran in March 2026 from the ideological principle of “Make America Great Again” to the ideological views of right-wing neoconservatism, this analysis confirms the hypotheses put forward in the article about the largely decisive influence of ideology on foreign policy and, ultimately, on the processes of shaping a new multicentric architecture of international relations in a post-bipolar world.

Aim. To test the method of quantifying the extent of Russophobic sentiments, spread in Runet information space.
Methodology. The method is based on monitoring the network activity of social media users. The article describes the use of three Russophobic lexemes in social media: ‘vatnik’, ‘moskal’, and ‘rusnya’ in 2021–2024. The daily dynamics of posting lexemes, the size of the total audience of such messages, and the number of likes, comments, and shares they received were monitored.
Results. The authors conclude that the russophobic narrative was intentionally promoted in the online space. This is supported by the 6 social network activity features described in the article. In addition, some conclusions are drawn regarding the nature and dynamics of this activity.
Research implications. The theoretical and methodological significance of the study lies in the validation of a quantitative method for quantifying the phenomenon of Russophobia. The practical significance lies in the Russophobic narrative phenomenon assessment.

Aim. To conduct a cross-cultural comparative analysis of family life resilience indicators, levels of family stressor burden, and cultural-value orientations among Russian and Serbian youth to identify universal and culture-specific mechanisms of family adaptation under conditions of social transformation.
Methodology. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data analysis, with a sample of 240 respondents (120 from Russia and 120 from Serbia) aged 18 to 35 years. The following instruments were used: a structured questionnaire, the Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS), the Family-Related Stress Inventory (E. G. Eidemiller), and the Cultural Values Orientation Test (J. Townsend). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and the Mann – Whitney U test for group comparisons.
Results. Cross-cultural differences were identified: Serbian respondents reported a higher burden of family stressors, greater levels of family tension and dissatisfaction with family relationships, as well as higher levels of spirituality and stronger orientation toward traditional culture. In contrast, Russian respondents demonstrated higher scores on acceptance and flexibility within the structure of family resilience, along with a stronger orientation toward modern culture. At the same time, across both samples, emotional cohesion and constructive intrafamily communication emerged as key universal predictors of family resilience.
Research implications. The findings confirm the role of the family as a crucial adaptive resource under conditions of social instability and can inform the development of differentiated culturally sensitive psychological support programs for families experiencing crisis situations.

Aim. To identify the specific features of spatial conceptualisation through the semantics of prepositions denoting the ‘location of a subject.’
Methodology. Based on the comparative method and component analysis of the semantics of the prepositions of the Russian and French languages, the article determines not only how prepositions encode the parameters of the national linguistic picture of the world, but also the ability to predict the spatial characteristics of related nouns through prepositional semantics.
Results. The results of the study can be used in theoretical studies devoted to the Russian and French national linguistic worldviews to clarify the features of each of them.
Research implications. The results of the research can be used both in lecture courses on lexicology and intercultural communication and in the practice of teaching French and Russian as a foreign language.

Aim. To conduct a sociolinguistic analysis to study the impact of changes in John Dos Passos’s political discourse and the participants in the social context created by him in his literary works on the semantics of the content plan of these texts, determining the impact of these changes on the expression plan of these texts / discourse at the stylistic level.
Methodology. A sociolinguistic analysis of the genre (content and expression) of texts / discourse at the stylistic level has been conducted. The study is based on excerpts from the works of John Dos Passos, selected using the continuous sampling method and according to the specific semantics of communicative situations. The text fragments reflect the evolution of John Dos Passos’s political views and positions, and they verbalise his speech and thought activity (political discourse) in this area of society. The study uses descriptive and comparative methods, as well as the method of stylistic analysis of selected text passages from the author's political discourse and the participants in the social context created by the author. The results are interpreted.
Results. A sociolinguistic analysis of the genre of Dos Passos’s literary texts shows that changes in the content of the genre of these texts, as well as in the author’s political discourse, influenced the expression of the genre in the social context of the political life of the United States in the last century. These changes, particularly at the stylistic and syntactic levels, vary over time, ranging from a fragmented style with newspaper headlines and slogans to a concise and rigorous presentation, which helps the writer to create a specific social context based on the extralinguistic factors of the time, as well as to express their position on important political events. The sociolinguistic characteristics of the selected texts: newspaper headlines, slogans, documents, speech of participants in various communicative situations, as well as stylistic devices: paradox, antithesis, metaphor, parallelism, symbolism, gradation, rhetorical questions, irony, sarcasm, metonymy, montage and "camera obscura", etc. enhance the social significance of these texts and reveal the evolution of their author's political discourse, reflecting the change of his beliefs and constant internal struggle. In the modern context, Dos Passos’s works raise important questions, making them relevant to the global political community and helping to understand the political rhetoric and discourse of the United States and Western countries.
Research implications. The application of the sociolinguistic method for the analysis of social reality and the behaviour of participants in communicative situations in a broad social context contributes to a deeper understanding of the history of the United States, its contemporary political rhetoric, and the priorities of political discourse in this country. The results of the study confirm the effectiveness of using sociolinguistic analysis methods for the genre of literary texts to identify socially marked expressions and constructions, which allows for the extraction and interpretation of new social knowledge present in other texts and works by authors.

Aim. To identify the techniques used to implement intertextuality in cinematic discourse.
Methodology. A key role was played by linguistic methods of comparative, contextual, pragmalinguistic, componential, and spoken speech analysis. General scientific techniques of observation, sampling, quantitative analysis, visualisation, and classification were employed as auxiliary tools.
Results. The study reveals the types of intertext within cinematic discourse that determine its self-citation and the integration of referents from literary and song discourses. Variable lexical and universal intonational verbal markers, as well as non-verbal means of intertext explication, have been identified. Furthermore, the study establishes the variability of cross-modal intertextuality, which incorporates cultural precedents both in absolute alignment with the pre-text and through pragma-semantic transformations.
Research implications. The findings enrich discourse studies, linguosemiotics, and communication theory by identifying the cross-modal implementation of intertextual links across cinematic, song, and literary discourses. The study also validates key terms of transformational translation studies within polymodal communication and differentiates between transformations and deformations in the cross-modal implementation of intertextual links. The materials and outcomes of this research can be integrated into university courses on language theory, discourse theory, text theory, pragmalinguistics, and linguostylistics, thereby enhancing the linguacultural and communicative competences of linguistics students.

Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of the ethnographic realities functioning in the original of Anton Chekhov’s play “Uncle Vanya” and its English translations published between 1912 and 2020 to identify the translation difficulties encountered in their transmission, ways to overcome them by seven different translators of the 20th and 21st centuries, as well as to determine the most successful ways of transmission lexical units of this type and cases of distortion of the original text.
Methodology. This study employs the following research methods: contextual analysis, used to identify the specific functioning of realia within the literary context; the descriptive method; and the comparative method, applied to contrast the original text with its English translations.
Results. We identified the following translation techniques: the use of a functional analogue (in 29 cases), descriptive translation (in eight cases), the use of contextual substitution (in 11 examples), as well as the use of generic substitution (one example). As a result of a comparative analysis of seven translations, it was found that the use of functional analogues leads to the erasure of the Russian cultural flavour contained, however, it allows translators to accurately convey the meaning. The desire to preserve it, on the contrary, in some cases led to a distortion of the meaning of the original.
Research implications. The materials of the study can be used in theoretical developments and lecture courses in the disciplines of “Comparative Linguistics” and “Contrastive Linguistics” of the basic higher education programs in Pedagogical Education (Field of Study 44.03.01), as well as in the discipline “Theory of Translation” of the specialized higher education programs in Linguistics (Field of Study 45.04.02).