The article presents the analysis of the Russian liberals’ key points of view on determining the balance of political interest and moral imperative in the political process of the post-Soviet Russia. The main directions represented by the views of E.T. Gaidar, A.B. Chubais, B.E. Nemtsov and G.A. Yavlinsky are covered. It is concluded that the “instrumentalist” approach dominated in the 1990s was focused on the fact that the implementation of liberal reforms in the post-Soviet Russia was possible only on the basis of rejecting the moral criteria in politics for the sake of strict adherence to the chosen course. The refusal of Russian liberals from the moral imperative to carry out the post-Soviet reforms has become one of the reasons for the unpopularity of liberal parties in modern Russia and the systemic crisis of this ideology. The consequences of this decision revealed in the work represent the practical significance of this article.

The article presents the author’s view on the historical and cultural grounds for understanding the current Russian socio-political process, and the formation of the strategy for social development. Besides, the relevance of institutions and practices borrowed from Western cultural experience in the process of reforming the Russian society is covered. Gradually considering the domestic history, the author reveals the structural factors that determined the features of the Russian national ethos, the configuration of the model of interaction between society and power, the political order, the reflection of democracy by the public consciousness.

The article is devoted to the process of formation of the civil identity, as well as to the analysis of threats to national security related to the deformations of mentality and basic cultural-moral values of the Russian society. The main provisions and conclusions of the authors are formulated with the use of the axiological approach to the analysis of directions and spheres of state policy. Besides, the results of studying the work of specialists and philosophers in the field of security policy were analyzed. The main factors of the identity destruction which unites the Russian people are considered to be the globalization processes, the consequences of the crisis phenomena due to the collapse of the Soviet state, as well as the context of modern geopolitical confrontation. The theoretical significance of the article is connected with the substantiation of the directions for developing the conceptual bases of the policy aimed at forming and strengthening the unifying Russian identity as a necessary answer to the challenges and threats to Russia’s security in the 21st century.

The article scrutinizes the possibility of using the Marxist methodology of researching the world historical process for studying the stages of crisis development in capitalist society. Its modern stage is considered to be sequential of the 19th century crisis. The features of basic contradiction manifestation of the capitalism - between labor and capital - are described in the context of transition to the digital economy. The author assumes that new social and political forces capable to ensure the social conflicts resolution might arise.

The article is devoted to the problem of public relations in the sphere of Transnistria Moldavian Republic’s national security. The paper presents a range of normative and legal acts that contain the principles of ensuring national security. The institutions for public relations, most influential in ensuring national security in the republic, are studied. The article concludes that the institution for public relations in the republic creates the safe information space, facilitates the establishment of trustful relationships between the society and the government thus ensuring the formation of one of the elements of protective mechanisms of the national security system. The following research methods were used: the systemic and institutional methods, the case study and a SWOT-analysis. The theoretical significance of the work is the study of the influence of the whole range of public relation tools on ensuring national security in the state. The practical significance of the work is that the complex experience of organizing public relations in the unrecognized Transnistria Moldavian Republic in ensuring national security of the state can be applied in other systems of state administration.

The article presents an analysis of the phenomenon of political advisor, consultant in the creative heritage of one of the founders of the Soviet political science Fyodor Burlatsky (1927-2014). The historical-political and political-textual analysis of Burlatsky’s works is done. Among them are the following: “Political science and real politics”, “Reforms and reformers: Hopes and illusions”. It is concluded that Burlatsky formulated the original typology of political advisers based on historical material and his personal experience as an advisor, consultant of the CPSU Central Committee. The following types of advisers were singled out: 1) adviser-thinker, 2) adviser-prophet and 3) adviser-intriguer. Besides, Burlatsky divided advisers and consultants into two groups: obedient and independent.

Having analyzed the transformational leadership research findings the authors discuss the problem of interconnection of transformational leadership and managers’ strategic management settings. The research covered the answers of 254 business managers and was conducted with the help of the MLQ questionnaires developed by B. Bass and B. Avolio. Besides, the MSI questionnaire developed by I. Adizes was also used. The article contains the results of the correlation analysis and the cluster analysis of the leadership structure and the management structure in groups of managers at enterprises with different modernization conditions. The research has shown that the tendencies of interconnections of “leader - manager” properties can be both more efficient and less efficient within the process of modernization. The obtained empirical results can be used to improve the efficiency of personnel evaluation, selection and training.

The paper considers the empirical research results where sales representatives’ life and professional position were studied. The diagnostic and static methods of research allowed to identify the the fact that sales representatives with different career orientations have special features of life and professional positions. Based on the results of the empirical study, the hypothesis about the existence of differences in career values, motivational structure and socio-psychological attitudes of sales representatives with a horizontal and vertical career orientation was confirmed. The results outlined in this article can be useful in management and organizational consulting.

The article presents the plot of the autobiographical narrative as mediators of self-knowledge and self-interpretation of an individual: his psychological properties and stand in life. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the subjects of autobiographical narratives are interrelated with the individual psychological properties of the personality. The body of texts of autobiographical narratives received from 110 men and women aged 17-57 has been analyzed. The analysis showed that the subjects of autobiographical narrative mediate the individual-psychological characteristics of а person so that the dominant plot expresses the narrator’s personality profile and stand in life.

The aim of the study is to compare the attitude to the dangers of Kazakh and Russian students. On the basis of the results it was concluded that the region of residence and socio-cultural differences do not have any significant impact on the structure of the types of attitudes to danger, which allows us to conclude about the priority of psychological factors in the formation of a particular type of attitude to hazards. The obtained results can be used in the process of formation of students’ adequate sensitive type of attitude to dangers.

The article is devoted to the problem of followership in leadership. Basing on the analysis of foreign literature the concept of followership is formulated, as well as its role in leadership development. It is emphasized that at present the role of followers in the process of leadership is being rethought. Followership is seen as a necessary component of leadership. Followership is defined as the characteristics, behavior and processes realized by the individual toward the leader. The content of the construct “followership” is revealed through such concepts as: the characteristics of followers, behavior of followership and outcomes of followership. The role-based and constructionist approaches are the basis for interpreting the followership. It is shown that the theory of followership is of great importance for developing the concepts of leadership and overcoming the leader-centered approach to studying the process of leadership. Besides, the theory is important for the effectiveness of managers’ leadership.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the general and special in the ideas about the qualities and behavior of the leader and manager. The comparative analysis of the data obtained on student samples during psycho-semantic studies was done with the use of phraseological units as a test material. The results showed that the students’ presentations reflect the nature and goals of leadership and management and, at the same time, differences in the realization of the functions of the leader and manager. The results of factor analysis, when compared, showed similarities and differences in the structure of ideas about the patterns of behavior of the leader and manager. It was noted that the ideas about the leader’s behavior have a completely positive coloring unlike the ideas about the behavior of the manager. They are contradictory and include negative characteristics.

Materials of the article describe modern youth’s ethnic migration readiness manifestation as a psychological quality which assumes directed activity and the set on voluntary change of residence within the “alien” ethnic group. The author picked up a special complex of techniques to assess the key indicators of ethnic migration readiness among the citizens of Russia and representatives of African peoples. The results received have shown that ethnic migration readiness is specific for both Russians and the representatives of the African ethnos. But the latter show greater degree of it. This fact justifies their need for self-realization is considerably deprived. The received results can be used by a wide range of experts dealing with migration issues.

The article analyzes the mechanisms of phraseological units formation and imprinting in the language. Structural features of a phraseological unit are explored through the specifics of human thinking in the world cognition. Nonverbal components accompanying a phraseological unit in the origination and in the further use in speech are revealed. To identify the mechanisms of phraseological units formation the pathological deviations from normal heterogeneous work of hemispheres are studied. Perception of metaphors and phraseological units by people with divided consciousness - patients with schizophrenia is taken as an example.

Abstract The article analyses the modern political discourse and determines its different genres, focusing on pre-election campaigns in Russia and the USA. It highlights such peculiarities of contemporary political speech as less official style, entertainment and theatricality. The aim of the paper is to compare the pre-election discourse of Russian and American politicians and political commentators, basing on the recent material. The author pays special attention to the speech strategies and language means used by the speakers to reach their communicative intention. The author concludes that the Russian and American political discourses have a lot in common, but each of them has its own ethnic and cultural peculiarities.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the sign as the means of constructing reality and mind control of the text consumer. The texts under study are semiotically expanded texts of the cinema and television. The research is mainly dedicated to the study of the chosen material at the level of the screenshot without regard to their syntagmatic organization and rhythmic stratification. Summarizing the results of the research the author comes to the conclusion that there is a semiotic situation in heterogeneous texts that enhances the construction of reality of different levels of simulacrativity. The author manages to renovate the topic of simulacra (“empty signs”), having singled out their lingual-semiotic peculiarities at the level of the screenshot of the semiotically expanded texts.

The purpose of the article is a complex analysis of the compound words used by Ivan the Terrible in his Messages. The main content of the study is the analysis of the stylistic significance of the composites and their correlation with the part of speech is noted. The genetic relationship of Russian composites with their Greek equivalents is analyzed in particular. According to the conclusion of the author of the article, the compound words in the Messages are an integral part of the “weaving of words” style. The author managed to update the problems connected with the research in the field of word formation of compound words of the Russian language on the material of the monuments of the Russian journalism of the 16th century.

The purpose of the present article is to analyze the functions of the Latin language on the Internet both as a cross-cultural communication phenomenon and as the subject of linguodidactics. The analysis of tendencies aimed at reviving Latin in online and offline modes is provided. Means of Latin application on the Internet as, for example, in broadcasting, linguistic educational programs, mass media, digital informational resources, etc. are considered. Methods of the research are as follows: collection and differential selection, systematization, classification. The result of the research performed is the classification of methods of Latin functioning on the Internet which demonstrates that Latin is gradually changing its status of the dead language and is becoming rather popular on the network. The results of the research contribute to the Internet discourse theory and linguistic part of the Internet discourse on the example of Latin. An assumption of a possible change of the status of Latin due to the Internet is considered.