The paper studies the efficiency of using different reference groups for forming the image of the Russian industry as a figurative-meaning construct in the media discourse. Some negative trends are found. Recommendations on creating an information model adequate to the realities are given. The model should form a positive image of the national industry in the media discourse.

The paper presents a linguocultural analysis of wartime brochures describing cultural peculiarities of a different nation in comparison with the native one. The specific character of the genre is determined by the aim of the brochures to systematize stereotypes in order to destroy them. The article presents important linguocultural phenomena of that period in intracultural and crosscultural aspects. The author analyses culturally-loaded lexemes verbalizing axiological priorities of linguocultures and relevant to the aims set by the authors of the brochures.

The article considers some urgent issues of American political discourse functioning. Special attention is paid to such aspects as the use of politically correct and ironical ways of expressing ideas, as well as their cognitive, pragmatic and cultural components. At the same time irony and political correctness are viewed not only as figures of speech, or stylistic devices, but also as types of discourse. Several examples of irony and political correctness, occurring in the British and American quality press, have been analyzed. Some points are illustrated with the use of the material from the British National Corpus (BNC).

The present article analyses extra-linguistics particularities of modern French outdoor social-oriented advertising, examines linguistics methods of creating such advertisements. The type of the advertisements studied is described within the cultural and linguistic framework. Special attention is given to the pragmatic elements, situational scenario and behavioral patterns. The material of the research is outdoor advertising of Paris underground aimed at forming polite and respectful behavior in public transport.

The paper presents the evolutionary development of human thinking and cognition on the basis of fundamental works on terminology, cognitive linguistics and newest anthropolinguistics. The periodization of interrelated cognition and culture used in history and philosophy (pre-scientific, proto scientific, and scientific stages) is enlarged in the present paper by two more stages: proto human and informative ones. Their temporal characteristics are given, as well as the main peculiarities of language functioning. The chronological stratification of the language is supplied with the analysis of semantic processes (polysemy, synonymy, hyponymy, paronymy) which are described in terms of lexical system development, development of human thinking and cognition, and cultural development.

The paper contains the analysis of the language politics of France, the main component of which is the support of the French language as the state and official language not only at the national level but also across the globe. Francophonia plays special role in spreading the French language and culture. This phenomenon is an international movement uniting the French linguistic community. Despite the global expansion of the English language, French still holds sufficiently strong position as a language of international communication. The paper examines the specifics of the position of the French language in the modern world, in particular in the European Union, where it is still widely used by European legal institutions.

The article is devoted to the research of creative peculiarities of the Frencis Bret Harte's «Muck-a-Muck», the parody on Fenimore Cooper's five-part "The Leatherstocking Tales". Using burlesque and travesty hyperboles the parodist creates a comic image of Cooper's artistic style in order to discredit it in the context of literary struggle which was aimed at creating an original American literature in the second half of the XIX century. F. Cooper's creative activity, being a symbol of Romanticism receding into the past, became the main target of Realistic criticism. Bret Harte's parody initiated the anti-Cooper campaign in the American literature.

The article analyzes some aspects of China's geo-strategic communication in contemporary international relations on the example of a discursive strategy of discrediting the media. The studies are based on materials in Chinese and research data in the field of the study of the Chinese media as a tool of foreign policy. This article deals with the discursive strategies that are typical of China's political media discourse.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the aesthetical position of a well-known American writer Jack London as a literary critic. On the material of its articles on literary creative activity, his reviews, as well as on his letters to friends, editors, and associate-writers London's literary priorities and the criteria of literary works evaluation are determined. All these make it possible to scrutinize his creative laboratory. Special attention is paid to the writer's interest to the problems of the artistic form and content relationship in a literary work. Besides, individual artistic style, his language and the way the author's position is expressed in the work are considered. Close attention is concentrated on the publicistic enthusiasm as a distinguishing feature of J. London's style in the articles analyzed. His interest to the urgency of the problems described by the writers, significance of the artistic means they used, as well as their mastery in exciting reader's interest are specified.

The paper focuses on the general characteristics of phraseological units through their classification in accordance with the structural and grammatical and pragmatic features of their usage. The analysis covered such phraseological units which, being resilient locutions and being used in a politician's speech, can be a component of a politician' speech characteristics as a linguistic identity. The analysis of the Russian, British and American politicians' speeches is presented, the frequency of phraseological units used in their speeches taken into account.

The attempt to study the concept of femininity through the use of colourful blues speech is made in the article. The study is performed to decode the woman archetype, implicitly hidden in poetic texts. This concept is explicitly represented by stylistically coloured lexical units and lexical-stylistic devices; while its implicit representation is performed through the image of a woman and the attitude towards her. The research results point out to the fact that the concept may be realized in two variants: the so-called masculine and feminine ones. Different variations of the woman archetype are realized via these variants.

The paper examines the discursive characteristics of American presidents' political commentaries on external threat in diachronic aspect and the political commentaries of high-ranking European and American military men and politicians on "Russian military threat" in the context of information warfare. It is concluded that in the English-language press the false stereotype of Russia as a source of danger is actualized. It allows the commentators, on the one hand, to justify the need of escalation of military confrontation with the alleged threat and, on the other hand, to appeal to the feeling of fear, projecting anxiety on the target audience, and to trigger predictable behavioral patterns.

The article examines the importance of the substantive forms of the verb used in the extract from K. Balmont's poem «Forest». The semantic proximity of the substantive forms of the verb and personal verbal forms is proved. Mimicries of verb forms do not express the notion of objectivity, or the notion of the objectified action. The substantive forms often have the same lexical meaning as the corresponding verbs. Some mimicries of verb forms, despite having the form of a noun, express the procedural semantics. Artistic expression in this extract is achieved through the use of a verb as the most informational part of speech.

The article examines the works of V.A. Nedzvetsky, one of the most famous researchers of the second half of XX - beginning of XXI century who studied I.S. Turgenev's creative activity. His books offered a way to solve the problem of the basic idea and structure of I.S. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" which is still topical for literary science. The author studies the novelty of V.A. Nedzvetsky's concept of the ideological conflict in the novel, as well as his views on the problem of interpretation of the ideological and philosophical structure of the novel. Following the critic's interpretation line the author of the article reveals the mentioned above issues through the review of the main antagonist characters' images - Yevgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.