Aim. To assess the dynamics of the role and place of the parliament institution in the political system of modern Russia.
Methodology. The main provisions of the amendments of the Constitution of the Russian Federation regarding the powers of the highest authorities are analyzed. The determination of the political significance of the post-Soviet parliament was assessed by index analysis of the dynamics of the full powers of the Federal Assembly chambers in the period from 1993 to the present day, taking into account the constitutional transformations of 2008, 2014 and 2020. The full powers of the parliament in these periods are compared to the indices of the functions of the head of state according to the method improved by the author to determine the form of government of O. I. Zaznayev.
Results. It has been established that the total index of full powers of both chambers of parliament is significantly less than the presidential one, which clearly demonstrates the subordinate role of parliament in the system of public authority in post-Soviet Russia.
Research implications. Measures are suggested to optimize the identified imbalance in the system of separation of powers in modern Russia, aimed at increasing the political significance of the chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

Aim. To show the evolution of cooperation in the context of liberal socialism, which has already played and continues playing an important role in the economy and socio-political life of society.
Methodology. To achieve this purpose, the author applied a wide range of general scientific methods and political science approaches: dialectical, axiological, statistical, historicism, analysis and synthesis.
Results. The author comes to the conclusion that socialism, established in Soviet Russia, was essentially liberal, despite the certain excesses in different periods of its almost a century-old history. It is noted that during the analyzed period the country’s government, in order to overcome economic crises, had to incorporate cooperation into the Soviet economy, thereby turning it into a mixed one, despite the unacceptability of its economic and ethical basis.
Research implications is in a comprehensive approach to the study of the essence, place and role of cooperation from the point of its value foundations. The reconsideration of such definitions of social and economic system as “capitalism” and “socialism”, as well as synthetic versions of these concepts (“state capitalism” and “liberal socialism”) is conditioned by the fact that these definitions gain with new meaning and require semantic analysis over time. Cooperation, in turn, being in the “gray” zone between capitalist and socialist modes of production, is the optimal form that ensures a balance of interests of all subjects of economic activity.

Aim. Analysis of current trends in the formation of the federal news agenda using technologies of hype.

Methodology. The study is based on a communicative approach. Methods of observation, traditional analysis of documents and case studies were used.

Results. Based on the analysis of a specific situation, the effects of using technologies of hype in the construction of political content in media were revealed. It has been established that the presentation of politicians in the role of heroes of news stories causes to the information context to acquire a political coloring, which becomes most pronounced under the influence of hype technologies generating reputational risks.

Research implications. The results of the research can be used in scientific and teaching activities during the consideration of technologies for creating political content in modern media, as well as in the work of political technologists and journalists.

Aim. To analyze the election programs of non-parliamentary political parties as the key documents for understanding the party ideology, assessing its attitude to the actions of the authorities, as well as the actions procedure in case of election. Research objectives: to find out if there is a correlation between the volume of the party program and its result in the elections; to establish whether the amount and quality of descriptions of initiatives are related to the results of parties in elections; and, thirdly, to characterize the party programs based on the language features of writing programs.

Methodology. The analysis of the programs of the political parties "Yabloko", "Russian Party of Freedom and Justice", "Motherland", "Pensioners Party", "New People" (at the time of the elections it was a non-parliamentary party), "Communist Party of Communists of Russia", "Green", "Green Alternative", "Civil Platform" as well as the manifesto of the party "Growth", which was used by the party as an election program, was carried out. The methods of studying documents, content analysis, and a comparative method are used in the paper.

Results. It has been established that the best results among non-parliamentary political parties were achieved by those whose program volume is at least 10 thousand characters. It has been revealed that the number of initiatives included in the program for the voter is as important as the quality and detail of their description, and the linguistic features, identified through the analysis of frequently mentioned within the framework of the program of words, allow to give a basic description of the document as well as to determine the ideological and political features and directions of the party.

Research implications of the article is in the comparison of the program documents of the parties with the election results, which makes it possible to identify the most successful strategies for compiling political documents.

Aim. To analyze the formation and assess the dynamics of the development of democratic institutions in Bulgaria since the late 1980s until now.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the theory of “defective democracy” by V. Merkel and A. Croissant. The study of the formation and development of democratic institutions in Bulgaria was carried out on the basis of comparative and institutional approaches. The process of democratization of the Bulgarian state and society was evaluated according to three criteria: the formation and development of the party system, the activities of the media and their interaction with state political institutions, the level of corruption and bureaucratization in the country. The empirical basis of the article was the analysis of political cases of recent years, as well as an assessment of the dynamics of freedom indices, freedom of the media, perceptions of corruption, etc.
Results. It has been established that the functioning of “defective democracy” in Bulgaria is facilitated by a number of factors: the dependence of the media on the apparatus of public power and financial oligarchic structures, the lack of an effective judicial system, changes in the party landscape (increasing popularity of populist, ultra-radical and anti-European parties), a high level of corruption. However, despite the presence of a number of problems that Bulgaria is experiencing, at present there is no general crisis of democracy in the country.
Research implications. The study gives an idea of the features of democracy in Bulgaria, the reasons for the failures of the received Western model of democracy, crises in the socio-economic and political spheres. The author offers an explanation for the dissatisfaction of a part of the Bulgarian society with the current policy. The main provisions and conclusions of the work can be used in the educational process when teaching a number of political science disciplines (“Fundamentals of Democracy”, “Political Regimes”), as well as in the practical activities of social activists and other political subjects.

Aim. The aim of this article is to identify the types of mass mediated propaganda in Western mainstream media sources before the Special Military Operation began on 24 February 2022. 
Methodology. The author used academic literature on propaganda use, and mass media approaches to covering armed conflicts. A critical analysis of mass mediated materials of the topic, in the period from November 2021 until February 2022, was used to derive the communicated and signalled idealised hierarchies in international relations by Western mainstream media sources.
Results. The results of this indicative study suggest that Western mainstream media are engaged in the current global geopolitics of transformation (from Unipolar to Multipolar order), and there is an attempt by the US-led Western powers to obstruct the rise of challenging powers and their influence and hence to preserve US hegemony. 
Research implications. New mass media is playing a crucial role in attempting to manipulate the minds of different publics with the use of propaganda in the field of international relations. This trend is likely to continue to increase in the future. The underlying reason for this is the increase in geopolitical tensions resulting from a transformation in the global order. In this article, the 2020-21 Ukraine ‘crisis’ and the Western media’s narrative of the ‘imminent’ Russian invasion shall be used to illustrate how the propaganda is formulated for the effect of obstructing Russian interests and influence. 

Aim. To analyze how the EU perceives the concepts “hybrid threats” and “soft power” in the context of Russian policy towards the Eastern Partnership states, which are a zone of clashing strategic interests of Russia and the EU.
Methodology. The research on the EU’s perception of the so-called hybrid threats and soft power of Russia and the peculiarities of countering them is carried out using analysis of theoretical approach and discourse analysis. 
Results of the study show that Russia’s soft power relating to the Eastern Partnership states is viewed as a hybrid threat by the EU.
Research implications. The article explores and clarifies the terms “soft power” and “hybrid threats” applied to Russia, the EU and the Eastern Partnership countries considering the fact that these notions are used more and more frequently in International Relations and are interpreted ambiguously.

Aim. The purpose of the work is to consider the concept of "personality mobility" as a concept of education that is significant in the context of a permanent futureshock.

Methodology. The following methods were used: a) analysis of theoretical ideas about lifelong education, personal mobility, transdisciplinarity and continuity of education of a professional of the future; b) analysis of pedagogical and research experience in the field of modern education; c) local expert survey; d) content analysis of respondents' answers to open-ended questions.Results. Based on the study, the article presents a look at the purpose of education and knowledge in the life of a modern person acting in the information society. It is proved that continuous education is no longer an arbitrary choice of a person, but an imperative, not only social and economic, but physical, emotional, cultural.

Research implications. Conclusions are drawn about the need in the context of "educational impact" to diagnose the temporal properties of the subject of learning, for example, in order to assess the appropriateness of a particular learning step, assess a person's readiness to present his level of learning, assess a particular stage of individual development in terms of sensitivity to the next portion knowledge, assessment of motivation, desire for the next "reset" and resumption of learning.

Aim. Study of the value orientations of girls with different types of social attitudes towards having children.

Methodology. The study used Value Orientations methodology of M. Rokeach, Likert Total Rating Scale and the author's instant diagnostics methodology of social attitudes towards childbearing. Correlation analysis and Student's T-test were used to analyse the data.

Results. The peculiarities of value orientations of girls with different types of social attitudes towards having children were identified, as well as the place of the value "having children" in the general value system, and the peculiarities of its relationship with other values.

Research implications. The study contributes to the study of value orientations as a psychological determinant of social attitudes towards childbearing. The data obtained can form the basis for the development of a psychological model of social attitudes towards childbearing, in order to realise the possibility of its psychological correction and the formation of positive attitudes towards childbearing and parenthood.

Aim. To analyze the functioning of idioms with color components as one of the actual components of the speeches of open diplomatic discourse and foreign policy discourse for the period 2020–2022.

Methodology. The research was carried out by means of corpus analysis, as well as by means of лшconversational analysis in a modified version proposed by the author, namely, a variant of communication in the mode of mediated dialogue / polylogue.

Results. The linguopragmatics of the use of color idioms in foreign policy communication, acting as echo phrases in the framework of mediated communication, is considered on the example of the collocations red line/line and black swan.

Research implications. It is revealed on the analyzed material that a phrase, clause, collocation within the framework of foreign policy discourse acts as a trigger for a protracted dialogue / polylogue. The modified type of conversational analysis contributes to obtaining new data on communication in different types of discourse, including the study of the behavior of idioms with a color component, which plays a prominent role in foreign policy and diplomatic discourses.

Aim. The purpose of this work is to characterize the peculiarities of the written language of the social exclusion victims.

Methodology. The article analyzes the texts of autobiographies which describe the experience of social exclusion. The research methods include statistical analysis, psycholinguistic and psychosemantic methods of text analysis.

Results. Verb negatives, which make up the semantic field of the language of social exclusion, present the individual self-reflection and become part of a metalanguage with specific features of constructing narratives.

Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the theory of narratives and communication as well as expand the understanding of analysis tools.

Aim. To characterize one of the modern forms of social leisure within subcultures – multifandom worlds – from the standpoint of linguosemiotics.

Methodology. The research is carried out by methods of linguistic and semiotic analysis, the features of the creation and functioning of comics as the main component of the multifandom world are considered on the example of the products of two American publishing houses that laid the foundations of this social and linguosemiotic phenomenon.

Results. The semiotic (verbal and nonverbal) structure of the comic book as the main element of the subculture of the fandom world is considered; the relations of signs within comics, the principles of their implementation in comics of two major American publishers. The common linguistic semiotic features characteristic of both the comics themselves and the comic book fandom world as a whole are revealed

Research implications. The study of the polycode text of a comic book within the framework of relatively limited communities – fandoms characterized by their own interpretation of classical axiology, in particular, the concept of hell, demonstrates the need to create a generalization model that differs from the general culture of society, based on the requirement of maximum concentration of information, manifested in its presentation in the form of a brief polycode text (comics). The use of polycode means (verbal and nonverbal) within a multifandom subculture as a special kind of discourse makes it possible to expand the perception of this special world, to compensate for the likelihood of communicative failure expressed by ignorance and misunderstanding among people not involved in this world.

Aim. A review of those morphological and syntactic features of incorporated complexes (IC) that allow them to become a means of speech compression.

Methodology. The phenomenon of incorporation is studied from the point of view of morphological classification of languages. The use of ICs as speech nonce phrases expanding the scope of the utterance is considered. The methods used are those of system analysis, continuous sampling, component word-formation and paradigmatic analysis.

Results. The peculiar syntactic status of the IC is demonstrated. Its transitional polysynthetic grammatical nature is revealed. The ability of the IC to name situations and to expand the discourse provided the similarity of the background knowledge of the author and the recipient is stated. Its aptitude for situational compression is proved due to its property of allusiveness and the ability to cite any situations preceding the act of communication.

Research implications. The work contributes to the tradition of combining the principles of studying the language as a system and speech as its implementation – on the example of incorporation. The dialectics is shown in the character of functioning of IC in speech.