Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyze the evolution of political modernization and identify the features of the formation of the constitutional system in Russia. Methodology and Approach. From the point of view of General scientific methods (historicism, analysis and synthesis), the paper investigates the political situation in the Russian Empire, which is reflected in the discussions of the deputies of the first four State Duma on the political structure of Russia and the formation of the Supreme normative act-the Constitution-in a complex socio-political situation in the country. Results. The author comes to the conclusion that the lateness of the reforms, the vectors of political forces, the lack of consensus between the autocracy and the liberals-but the configured part of the population has led to the tragic events of re-involution of 1917. The practical implication of the article is that the appeal to the historical experience of the country will allow to reveal mistakes and shortcomings of the government and politically active part of society in the process of building a constitutional order, and to determine the prospects for modernization of the Russian state.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to define the role of Buddhism in shaping the political order and to model this process in the states of the Theravada school of thought of Southeast Asia. Methodology and Approach. Using the systemic method, the event analysis and the genealogical method in the interpretation of M. Foucault, the author investigated the genesis and generalized the experience of the establishment of the institution of the monarchy in Buddhist states, as well as analyzed the forms of interaction between the head of state and the Buddhist community (sangha). In the course of the research Buddhism was presented not as religious (sacral), but as a value-philosophical category, which allowed to consider it as an ideological basis of the studied national states. This, in turn, led us to relate the postulates declared in Buddhism to their practical embodiment in state and national construction, using the example of Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar/Burma, and Laos. Results. The author proposes a justification for the sustainability of monarchist statehood in several countries of the region based on Buddhism and its values, which allows speaking generally about its effectiveness as an ideological setting. An indicator of the success of Buddhist statehood and its head - the well-being of sangha, due to the economic potential of monasteries, which in turn provided political stability, has been proposed. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that for the first time in domestic science the category of regional political order is examined through the prism of Buddhism, and Buddhism itself is considered as one of the complex and determining factors in the formation of statehood in the region under study. Practical significance is expressed in the potential ability of the foreign ministry and other state and non-state organizations operating in the region to adjust their policies taking into account the identified patterns and the data provided.

Purpose. The aim is to identify and consider the mechanism of formation of national-state identity with the help of symbols and images of sports of the highest achievements in North Ossetia - Alania. Methodology and Approach. The authors have conducted an empirical study using focused interviews of people not connected with sports. The topic of the focused interview is “the Role of sport of higher achievements in the formation of national and state identity” in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (50 respondents). Results. On the basis of the study conducted on the territory of the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania, the influence of high-level sports on ethno-territorial and national-state identity and their interaction was revealed, through the holding of sports mega-events and sports victories of “ their “ athletes. Theoretical and/or Practical Implications. The results can be used in the development of scientific issues related to national and state identity on the one hand, and sports of higher achievements on the other hand.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the main results and tasks of the implementation of the state national policy in modern Russia, as well as to analyze current problems and challenges the sphere of interethnic relations in modern Russia faces at present. Methodology and Approach. The article analyzes the results of the implementation of the state national policy over the past ten years. Using analytical and systematic methods, the authors identify the main megatrends of national policy in the coming decades. Results. The period of 2018-2019 is defined as a milestone for the sphere of inter-ethnic and inter-religious relations in Russia. According to the authors, the main megatrends that will determine the development of the sphere of interethnic relations will be the mechanisms of building a modern civil nation, institutional and regulatory changes, a new personnel policy and the introduction of new competencies and qualifications, and ensuring the social and cultural adaptation of migrants. Theoretical and Practical implications. The theoretical significance of the study is expressed in the interpretation and systematization of the current changes in the Russian state national policy. The results can be used to adjust programs for the implementation of state national policy both in the country as a whole and in individual regions of Russia.

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to reveal the mechanism of religious norms influence on the vector of mass groups political activity in the context of modern society transformation. Methodology and Approach. The empirical material of the work was obtained in the secondary analysis of the European Social Research data (waves 2012, 2014, 2016). The analysis was carried out using frequency distribution methods and one-way analysis of variance. Results. The direct impact of religious norms on the political participation of citizens was not found. Religiosity in a number of countries is manifested in the identification of citizens by “binding” to the religious community of a given territory. In the second group of states, the actualization of religious issues is caused by the appeal to the activities of the respective parties, which creates opportunities for formalizing political relations. In states where the transformation of the political system continues, religious organizations can acquire independent political status. Theoretical and Practical implications. The data obtained can be used by government agencies in the context of the growing importance of the religious security of society.

The purpose of the article is to display the current state of bilateral ties in tourism between Russia and Tajikistan. Procedure and research methods. The authors analysed primary sources - statistics, official documents, Russian and Tajik mass media, as well as secondary sources - the relevant research articles. The results of the research. The article displays the character of tourist flow between the two countries, the factors of its formation, the examples of realisation of bilateral agreement on tourism, and the problems of cooperation. The authors conclude, that the cooperation is unidirectional, as it implies one interaction pattern: Russia acts as a source of tourists and supplier of experience, and Tajikistan - its recipient. Theoretical and/or practical relevance. The authors suggest a number of measures to intensify the cooperation for Russia: development of Central Asia-oriented strategy in tourism, new tourist routes, and connectivity enhancement.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the Aachen Treaty concluded between France and Germany in the context of the UK’s exit from the European Union. Methodology and Approach. The analysis of the theoretical material (the text of the Aachen Treaty 2019). The study used the method of analysis, comparative-historical and institutional approach to determine the origin and essence of the Aachen Treaty. Results. On the basis of the study, it can be concluded that the treaty confirms the intentions of the hegemonic states to continue to build United Europe. Theoretical and Practical implications. The study helps to complement the theoretical picture of integration relations in Europe, as well as to get an idea about the prospects of relations between EU States after the UK leaves the European Union.

The purpose. To identify the effectiveness of measures used in blocking malicious destructive social media groups and to work out recommendations to increase the efficiency of these measures. Procedure and research methods. The basis of the research are available relevant social media posts dating from February 2016 to July 2019 from open social networks: VKontakte, Facebook, Odnoklassniki, Instagram. The following groups: Columbine shooting, “А.У.Е”, death/suicide groups were studied. Analysis methods include content analysis, critical discourse analysis, process-integrated method, observation method, examination of activity results method, statistics. The results of the research. Currently, attempts to block groups prove to be ineffective. Since the start of blocking the number of participants multiplied. The process of blocking suffers a number of faults. Theoretical and practical relevance. The result of the research is the effective strategy of blocking destructive groups in social networks

The purpose of the study was to identify the ideas of people of different age groups and cultural affiliations about the psychological characteristics of youth. Procedure and research methods. The authors conducted an empirical study using a questionnaire developed on the basis of data obtained during the first stage of the study and based on the subjective scaling method.The results of the study. The analysis of empirical data showed the invariant components of the ideas about the psychological characteristics of young people, and the distribution of these ideas in depending on age and cultural characteristics of the informants. It is shown that ideas about individual personal qualities and behavioral characteristics of youth are present in the minds of participants in the study in the form of integral images. The theoretical relevance: the study reveals the content and structure of modern ideas about the psychological characteristics of youth; it shows the connection of these ideas with a certain social period and sociocultural context; it gives better and deeper understanding of age and cultural identity as factors in forming these ideas. The practical relevance of the study: identifying the characteristics of ideas about the psychological characteristics of young people opens up great prognostic opportunities for practical use in psychological counseling aimed at solving both intergenerational problems and self-determination and self-development.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine to what extent gender factor influences the threat production process in the German language. Methodology and Approach. Having conducted a phonetic experiment the author compares prosodic features of male and female voices and carries out an analysis of such features as frequency, volume and duration. The study provides frequency, volume and syllable duration patterns based on the acquired data. Results. The results obtained made it possible to define the model of the pitch frequencies development, as well as the intensity and syllable length of threat invariant. One may conclude that despite the presence of distinctive features of both male and female voices, the gender factor doesn’t interfere with the process of producing and identifying a threat and corresponds primarily with individual features of speakers’ intonation. Theoretical and Practical Implications. In practical terms the article may be of interest not only to linguists, but also to forensic specialists conducting phonoscope examinations and to the ones studying forensic linguistics as well as fundamentals of conflict resolution.

Purpose. The aim of the article is the analysis of language means and psychological aspects of the perception of the image of the past based on the English fictional texts. Methodology and Approach. The bulk of the research is the psycholinguistic analysis of fictional texts in English, containing the concept “the past” with different degrees of detailing. In the article the connection of this concept with the psychological state of the characters, with the details of their biographies at the moment of narration and with the plot of the narration in general was analyzed. In the research the following methods were used: method of vocabulary definitions, of contextual analysis, comparative-contrastive method. The author analyzed typical syntactic means and non-verbal components of communication in the realization of the image of the past in the text; the degree of expressiveness of these descriptions was defined. Results. The following psychological aspects were singled out: personal appreciation of the events, their emotional colouring, degree of detailing and recollection triggers types, memory characteristics. One of the conclusions is that the past events of different duration and time reference can be partly distorted in characters’ perception due to a number of reasons. Theoretical and/or Practical implications. The results of the research can be used in real situations of psycholinguistic reconstruction of the past events, for example, in legal, religious, medical and sociological practices.