FEATURES OF THE TRANSITION TO THE RIGHT STATUS OF THE CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC FORCES IN THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR

The article is devoted to the analysis of the specifics of the struggle of Christian-democratic forces for political domination in the countries of Western Europe in the post-war period. The author explores the complex of factors contributing to the political success of these forces, noting that those were the democristians who, under ideological confrontation, were able to offer the European electorate an alternative strategy based on Christian values and democratic principles of post-war reorganization of society, as well as an effective model of socio-economic policy. The article examines in detail the experience of “special democracy” that has developed in post-war Italy and is the most illustrative example of the political dominance of Christian democratic forces.

Christian Democratic parties, CDP, Democratic Christians, Italy, Germany, the CDU, democracy, socialism, liberalism, Alcide de Gasperi, Aldo Moro

1. Салаконе А. Италия - «мост» между блоками во время вьетнамской войны // Современная Европа. 2017. Т. 75 (3). С. 91-101.

2. Babiracki P., Jersild A. Socialist Internationalism in the Cold War: Exploring the Second World. Dordrecht: Springer, 2016. 355 р.

3. Baget-Bozzo G. Il partito cristiano al. potere - la DC di De Gasperi e di Dossetti 1945-1954. Firenze: Vallecchi editore, 1974. 570 р.

4. Beke W. De Christelijke Volkspartij Tussen 1945 en 1968: Breuklijnen en Pacificatiemechanismen in een Catch-Allpartij. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2004. 449 p.

5. Bцsch F. Die Adenauer-CDU. Grьndung, Aufstieg und Krise einer Erfolgspartei 1945-1969. Berlin: DVA, 2001. 576 p.

6. Breccia A., Focardi G. What Modernization in Christian-Democrat Italy? The state facing socio-economic transformation of 1948-1968 [Электронный ресурс] // Memoria y Civilizacion. 2018. № 21. URL: https://www.unav.edu/publicaciones/revistas/index.php/myc/article/view/28990/24244 (дата обращения: 12.06.2019).

7. Brogi A. Taming dissent: The United States and the Italian Centre-Left, 1948-1978 // Journal of Transatlantic Studies. 2016. Vol. 14 (3). P. 213-236.

8. Christian Democracy in Europe Since 1945 : in 2 vol. Vol. 2 / ed. M. Gehler, W. Kaise. London: Routledge, 2004. 272 p.

9. Dagnino J. Italian catholics and the transit to post-fascism, 1943-1945 // Intus-Legere Historia. 2017. Vol. 11 (2). P. 102-121.

10. Ghini C. Il Voto degli Italiani: 1946-1974. Roma: Editori Riuniti, 1975. 555 р.

11. Giangrande A. Il Comunista Benito Mussolini. Trucco: Independently published, 2016. 711 р.

12. Giovagnoli A. Il Partito Italiano: La Democrazia Cristiana dal 1942 al. 1994. Roma, Bari: Laterza, 1996. 342 p.

13. Guiso A. From Political Enemy to Profane Reality: the ‘friend-enemy’ Relation in the Political Ideology of Italian Communists // Journal of Modern Italian Studies. 2017. Vol. 22 (1). P. 87-103.

14. Hermann H. F. Josef Mьller (‘Ochsensepp’): Mann des Widerstandes und erster CSU-Vorsitzender. München: Kommissionsverlag UNI-Druck, 1991. 467 S.

15. Irving R. E. M. The Christian Democratic Parties in Western Europe. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1979. 360 p.

16. Ivone D. Alcide De Gasperi Nella Storia Dell’Italia Repubblicana a Cinquant’anni Dalla Morte: Atti Del Convegno Di Studio. Napoli: Editoriale scientifica, 2006. 726 p.

17. La Rosa S. I Governi italiani dal 25 aprile 1943. Morrisville, North Carolina, Lulu.com, 2017. 622 p.

18. Leonardi R., Wertman D. A. Italian Christian democracy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1989. 279 p.

19. Leonardi R., Wertman D. A. Italian Christian Democracy: The Politics of Dominance: [eBook]. Dordrecht: Springer, 1989.

20. Malgeri F. Storia della Democrazia cristiana: Dal Centro Sinistra a gli “Anni di Piombo”, 1962-1978. Roma: Cinque Lune, 1989. 618 p.

21. Mammarella G. L’ltalia dopo iI Faseismo: 1943-1968. Bologna: II Mulino, 1970. 445 p.

22. Mattone A. Il ministro Antonio Segni «agrarista». Politica e scienza giuridica nell’elaborazione della riforma fondiaria e della legge sui contratti agrari (1946-1950) // Studi Storici. 2016. Vol. 57 (3). P. 523-575.

23. Montanelli I., Gervaso R. Storia d’Italia. Vol. X (1948-1965). Milano: Rizzoli, 2006. 430 р.

24. Pridham G. The Nature of the Italian Party System: A Regional Case Study. London: Routledge, 2016. 304 p.

25. Royce M. R. The Political Theology of European Integration: Comparing the Influence of Religious Histories on European Policies: [eBook]. Dordrecht: Springer, 2017.

26. Sanfilippo M. The Origins of Catholic Sociology in Italy: The Influence of Giuseppe Toniolo // Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions. 2017. Vol. 179 (3). P. 51-69.

27. Saresella D. The Vietnam War, the Church, the Christian Democratic Party and the Italian Left Catholics // Social Sciences. 2018. Vol. 7 (4). No. 55. P. 1-12.

28. Sassoon D. One Hundred Years of Socialism: The West European Left in the Twentieth Century. London: I. B. Tauris, 2013. 1008 p.

29. The Federal Republic of Germany at Fifty: At the End of a Century of Turmoil / ed. P. H. Merkl: [eBook]. Dordrecht: Springer, 1999.

30. Tupini G. I democratici cristiani: cronache di dieci anni. Milan: Garzanti, 1954. 346 p.

31. Turner C. The CASSIA Spy Ring in World War II Austria: A History of the OSS’s Maier-Messner Group. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2017. 240 p.

32. Webster R. The Cross and the Faces. Redwood City, California: Stanford University Press, 1960.